Hydrogen sulphide
Hydrogen sulphide
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DOI：
10.1093/occmed/46.5.367
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Guidotti, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guidotti, TL
硫化氢（H2S）是“酸性”气田天然气生产中的主要化学危害。在污水处理和粪肥控制作业、湿地建筑、毛皮加工、某些类型的纸浆和纸张生产以及有机材料腐烂或无机硫化物在还原条件下存在的任何情况下，它也是一种危险。H2S在循环中分解成游离硫化物。硫化物与许多大分子结合，其中包括细胞色素氧化酶。虽然这无疑是H2S毒性的一个重要机制，但可能还有其他机制。H2S在高浓度下几乎没有逃逸的机会，因为它会导致嗅觉麻痹，睡眠呼吸-反应关系，以及它可能导致的典型的突然意识丧失，这被通俗地称为“击倒”。其他影响可能包括粘膜刺激，在较低浓度下与称为“气眼”的角膜结膜炎有关，在较高浓度下与肺水肿的风险有关。慢性中枢神经系统后遗症可能是重复击倒后的后遗症：这是有争议的，H2S的主要影响可能会被缺氧或头部创伤混淆。目前的治疗是经验性的，首选亚硝酸盐和高压氧的组合。治疗方案并不理想，而且有一定的风险。
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is the primary chemical hazard in natural gas production in 'sour' gas fields. It is also a hazard in sewage treatment and manure-containment operations, construction in wetlands, pelt processing, certain types of pulp and paper production, and any situation in which organic material decays or inorganic sulphides exist under reducing conditions. H2S dissociates into free sulphide in the circulation. Sulphide binds to many macromolecules, among them cytochrome oxidase. Although this is undoubtedly an important mechanism of toxicity due to H2S, there may be others. H2S provides little opportunity for escape at high concentrations because of the olfactory paralysis it causes, the sleep exposure-response relationships, and the characteristically sudden loss of consciousness it can cause which is colloquially termed 'knockdown.' Other effects may include mucosal irritation, which is associated at lower concentrations with a keratoconjunctivitis called 'gas eye' and at higher concentrations with risk of pulmonary oedema. Chronic central nervous system sequelae may possibly follow repeated knockdowns: this is controversial and the primary effects of H2S may be confounded by anoxia or head trauma. Treatment is currently empirical, with a combination of nitrite and hyperbaric oxygen preferred. The treatment regimen is not ideal and carries some risk.