D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity.
D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0158391
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gavin MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirby KR;Gray RD;Greenhill SJ;Jordan FM;Gomes-Ng S;Bibiko HJ;Blasi DE;Botero CA;Bowern C;Ember CR;Leehr D;Low BS;McCarter J;Divale W;Gavin MC
从我们吃的食物和我们建造的房子，到我们的宗教习俗和政治组织，到我们可以嫁给谁以及我们教孩子的游戏类型，世界上文化习俗的多样性令人震惊。然而，我们可视化和理解这种多样性的能力受到记录和分享方式的限制：在文化的基础上，在当地讲述的故事或难以访问的存储库中。本文介绍D-PLACE，即地点、语言、文化和环境数据库。这个可扩展和开放访问的数据库（可访问https://d-place.org）汇集了关于1400多个人类社会的地理，语言，文化和环境的分散信息。我们的目标是使研究人员能够调查文化多样性模式在多大程度上是由不同的力量塑造的，包括共同的历史，人口统计，迁移/扩散，文化创新以及环境和生态条件。我们详细介绍了D-PLACE如何帮助克服理解这些力量的四个常见障碍：（i）相关文化数据的位置，（ii）使用不同的民族名称将来自不同来源的数据联系起来，（iii）数据的可变时间和地点焦点，以及（iv）文化群体之间的空间和历史依赖性，这对分析提出了挑战。D-PLACE促进了文化群体之间以及人与环境之间关系的可视化，结果可以以表格、地图或语言树的形式下载。我们还描述了如何D-PLACE可用于探索性，预测性和进化分析的文化多样性的一系列用户，从世界各地的公众有兴趣对比自己的文化习俗与其他社会的成员，研究人员使用大规模的计算系统发育分析研究文化进化。总之，我们希望D-PLACE将能够对文化变革的主要驱动因素和文化多样性的全球模式进行新的调查。
From the foods we eat and the houses we construct, to our religious practices and political organization, to who we can marry and the types of games we teach our children, the diversity of cultural practices in the world is astounding. Yet, our ability to visualize and understand this diversity is limited by the ways it has been documented and shared: on a culture-by-culture basis, in locally-told stories or difficult-to-access repositories. In this paper we introduce D-PLACE, the Database of Places, Language, Culture, and Environment. This expandable and open-access database (accessible at https://d-place.org) brings together a dispersed corpus of information on the geography, language, culture, and environment of over 1400 human societies. We aim to enable researchers to investigate the extent to which patterns in cultural diversity are shaped by different forces, including shared history, demographics, migration/diffusion, cultural innovations, and environmental and ecological conditions. We detail how D-PLACE helps to overcome four common barriers to understanding these forces: i) location of relevant cultural data, (ii) linking data from distinct sources using diverse ethnonyms, (iii) variable time and place foci for data, and (iv) spatial and historical dependencies among cultural groups that present challenges for analysis. D-PLACE facilitates the visualisation of relationships among cultural groups and between people and their environments, with results downloadable as tables, on a map, or on a linguistic tree. We also describe how D-PLACE can be used for exploratory, predictive, and evolutionary analyses of cultural diversity by a range of users, from members of the worldwide public interested in contrasting their own cultural practices with those of other societies, to researchers using large-scale computational phylogenetic analyses to study cultural evolution. In summary, we hope that D-PLACE will enable new lines of investigation into the major drivers of cultural change and global patterns of cultural diversity.