Accelerator-based tests of radiation shielding properties of materials used in human space infrastructures
Accelerator-based tests of radiation shielding properties of materials used in human space infrastructures
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DOI：
10.1097/01.hp.0000288560.21906.4e
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Durante, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lobascio, C.;Briccarello, M.;Durante, M.
屏蔽是防止太空旅行中暴露于宇宙辐射的唯一实用对策。众所周知，轻的氢化材料，如水和聚乙烯，提供了最好的空间辐射屏蔽。凯夫拉和Nextel是两种对航天器屏蔽非常感兴趣的材料，因为已知它们能够保护人类空间基础设施不受流星体和碎片的影响。我们测量了这些屏蔽材料对模拟重离子宇宙辐射的响应，并将其与聚乙烯，有机玻璃（PMMA）和铝进行了比较。作为星系核的替代，我们使用了1 GeV n（-1）铁或钛离子。进行了物理和生物测试。结果表明，芳纶纤维中碳原子含量较高（约50%），是一种优良的空间辐射屏蔽材料。物理测试表明，其效果接近聚乙烯（80-90%），生物学数据表明，它可以更有效地减少染色体损伤比PMMA。Nextel作为辐射屏蔽的效率较低，预期的剂量减少大约是相同质量的聚乙烯的一半。Kevlar和Nextel在重离子剂量衰减方面都比铝更有效。
Shielding is the only practical countermeasure for the exposure to cosmic radiation during space travel. It is well known that light, hydrogenated materials, such as water and polyethylene, provide the best shielding against space radiation. Kevlar and Nextel are two materials of great interest for spacecraft shielding because of their known ability to protect human space infrastructures from meteoroids and debris. We measured the response to simulated heavy-ion cosmic radiation of these shielding materials and compared it to polyethylene, Lucite (PMMA), and aluminum. As proxy to galactic nuclei we used 1 GeV n(-1) iron or titanium ions. Both physics and biology tests were performed. The results show that Kevlar, which is rich in carbon atoms (about 50% in number), is an excellent space radiation shielding material. Physics tests show that its effectiveness is close (80-90%) to that of polyethylene, and biology data suggest that it can reduce the chromosomal damage more efficiently than PMMA. Nextel is less efficient as a radiation shield, and the expected reduction on dose is roughly half that provided by the same mass of polyethylene. Both Kevlar and Nextel are more effective than aluminum in the attenuation of heavy-ion dose.