Potato virus Y: An Evolving Concern for Potato Crops in the United States and Canada
Potato virus Y: An Evolving Concern for Potato Crops in the United States and Canada
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-02-10-0124
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Xu, Huimin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Stewart;De Boer, Solke;Xu, Huimin
PVYO至少自世纪初（79）描述以来，并且可能在此之前很久，就被认为是马铃薯生产的问题。然而，PVY的坏死株系是相对较新引入美国和加拿大种植的马铃薯的。在美国，Kahn和门罗（41）首次报道了PVY（PVYN）的烟草脉坏死株（图3），但这是在从南美洲引进的马铃薯中截获的，田间未发现该病毒。1969年（85）和1989年（55）在加拿大安大略的烟草田发现了PVYN。利用当时可用的工具，McDonald和Kristjansson（55）对其中几种分离物进行了表征，发现它们与来自欧洲和南美洲的其他马铃薯感染PVYN分离物具有相同的特性。1990年，在爱德华王子岛（PEI）和新玩法种植的种薯中报道了PVYN。夏季取样和随后的冬季试验在两个省的几块田地中发现了PVYN，但所有种子都来自PEI的单一种子来源（86）。1991年夏天的一项大规模调查（470万片叶子）确定了加拿大东部其他省份的PVYN水平较低（86）。PVY的烟草静脉坏死株系的极低发病率促使一项研究确定是否有可能根除。结论是，主要通过马铃薯种子认证计划进行的根除工作可以防止任何PVYN感染的种薯繁殖及其传播到其他地理位置（86）。1980年代，新西兰开展了类似的根除工作（27），并一直有效到1990年代（28）。1991年的调查，除了PVYN的披露，还确定了PVYN的其他变体形式。例如，在调查PVYN引入加拿大的可能来源时，1991年从加州进口的鲜食马铃薯中收集的三个分离物，显然是从加拿大种子中生长的，根据它们诱导马铃薯块茎坏死环斑病（PTNRD），被鉴定为属于PVYNTN组（57）。此外，来自马尼托巴的两种分离株诱导烟草静脉坏死，但在ELISA中未能与四种不同的PVYN特异性单克隆抗体反应（56）。在此期间，代表加拿大七个省和美国五个州的种子批次的收获后测试样品在美国的加州和佛罗里达以及牙买加生长，作为种子认证过程的一部分。加拿大农业和农业食品部的Peter Ellis通过取样叶片和用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测PVY和PVYN对这些种子批次进行了调查。这项调查是从1991年到1994年进行的，
PVYO has been recognized as an issue for potato production at least since its description in the early twentieth century (79) and likely long before that. However, the necrotic strains of PVY are a relatively recent introduction to potato grown in both the United States and Canada. The first report of a tobacco veinal necrosis strain of PVY (PVYN)(Fig. 3) in the United States was by Kahn and Monroe (41), but this was intercepted on potato introductions from South America, and the virus was not found in the field. PVYN was identified in Ontario, Canada tobacco fields in 1969 (85) and again in 1989 (55). Using the tools available at the time, McDonald and Kristjansson (55) characterized several of these isolates and found they shared properties reported for other potatoinfecting PVYN isolates from Europe and South America. In 1990, PVYN was reported in seed potatoes growing in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and New Brunswick. Summer sampling and subsequent winter tests identified PVYN in several fields from both provinces, but all the seed originated from a single seed source in PEI (86). A massive survey (4.7 million leaves) in the summer of 1991 identified low levels of PVYN in other eastern Canadian provinces (86). The extremely low incidence of the tobacco veinal necrotic strain of PVY found prompted a study to determine if eradication was possible. The conclusion was that an eradication effort carried out primarily through the potato seed certification program could prevent the multiplication of any PVYN-infected seed potatoes and their spread to other geographic locations (86). A similar eradication effort had been successful in New Zealand during the 1980s (27) and remained effective well into the 1990s (28). The survey of 1991, in addition to the PVYN disclosure, also identified other variant forms of PVYN. For example, while investigating possible sources of the PVYN introduction into Canada, three isolates collected in 1991 from table-stock potatoes imported from California, and apparently grown from Canadian seed, were identified as belonging to the PVYNTN group on the basis of their induction of potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD)(57). Also, two isolates from Manitoba induced veinal necrosis in tobacco, but failed to react with four different PVYN-specific monoclonal antibodies in ELISA (56). During this time, postharvest test samples representing seed lots from seven Canadian provinces and five American states were grown-out in California and Florida in the United States and in Jamaica as part of the seed certification process. Surveys of these seed lots by sampling leaves and testing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PVY and PVYN were done by Peter Ellis, then of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. This survey was conducted from 1991 through 1994 with no