Youth at Risk: Processes of individualisation and responsibilisation in the risk society

Youth at Risk: Processes of individualisation and responsibilisation in the risk society
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面临风险的青年:风险社会中的个体化和责任化过程

DOI:
10.1080/01596300120039731
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发表时间:
2001
期刊:
Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
P. Kelly
P. Kelly
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
P. Kelly

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在新千年开始的自由民主国家,所谓的“青年危机”(处于危险之中)是知识分子、社会评论家、市场研究人员、政治家、官僚、宗教团体、(自封的)道德监护人和各专业领域专家之间关于青年问题辩论的一个关键标志(Eckersley,1988,1992,1995)。本文将认为,青少年处于危险之中的真相排练,在一定程度上,青年作为犯罪,越轨和弱势的历史真相(Swadener & Lubeck,1995)。然而,处于风险中的青年的真相的“危险”(福柯,1983)方面是,潜在地,每一种行为,每一种做法,每一组年轻人都可以根据风险来构建(泰特,1995)。在本文中,我将论证反思性现代化理论各方面之间富有成效的趋同的可能性(贝克等人,1994)和治理(福柯,1991)。这些看似完全不同的文献之间的联系点可以使我们理解当代的“可能性条件”,使处于风险中的青年话语成为强大的真理(Henriques et al.,1984年)。我将证明,这种趋同使青年处于危险之中,在两个相互关联的水平进行审查。在第一个例子中,“风险”将被理解为在一个“制造不确定性”的时代构成一种元叙事(吉登斯,1994)。Ž第二,风险因素和风险人群的识别将被理解为在政府的(新)自由项目中“组成”理性、做出选择、自主、负责任的公民的各种尝试中所采用的技术(Rose,1996 a)。Ž从这个意义上说,可以说,处于风险中的青年的话语寻求个性化的风险,在制度结构的风险环境中产生的“风险社会”(贝克,1992年)。此外,这些个性化的过程也带来了新的责任形式,要求年轻人及其家庭在日益不确定的环境中谨慎地管理个人的“不确定的传记项目”(Giddens,1991)。在本文中,我想为“风险政治”辩护,这将使这些个性化和责任化的过程变得问题化(Burdham,1996)。这样的政治也会使制度化的专业知识在产生
In the liberal democracies at the start of the new millennium the so called ‘crisis of youth’ (at-risk) is a key marker in debates about youth among intellectuals, social commentators, market researchers, politicians, bureaucrats, religious groups, (self-appointed) moral guardians, and experts in various domains of expertise (Eckersley, 1988, 1992, 1995). This paper will argue that the truth of youth at-risk rehearses, in part, the historical truths of youth as delinquent, deviant and disadvantaged (Swadener & Lubeck, 1995). However, a ‘dangerous’ (Foucault, 1983) aspect of the truth of youth at-risk is that, potentially, every behaviour, every practice, every group of young people can be constructed in terms of risk (Tait, 1995). In this paper I will argue for the possibilities of a productive convergence between aspects of theories of re exive modernisation (Beck et al., 1994) and governmentality (Foucault, 1991). The points of contact between these seemingly disparate literatures can enable us to understand the contemporary ‘conditions of possibility’ that enable youth at-risk discourses to function as powerful truths (Henriques et al., 1984). I will demonstrate that this convergence enables youth at-risk to be examined at two, interconnected levels. In the Ž rst instance ‘risk’ will be understood as constituting a metanarrative in an age of ‘manufactured uncertainty’ (Giddens, 1994). Secondly, the identiŽ cation of risk factors and populations at-risk will be understood as techniques mobilised in diverse attempts to ‘make up’ rational, choice making, autonomous, responsible citizens within (neo)liberal projects of government (Rose, 1996a). In this sense it can be argued that the discourses of youth at-risk seek to individualise the risks to the self that are generated in the institutionally structured risk environments of the ‘risk society’ (Beck, 1992). Moreover, these processes of individualisation also visit new forms of responsibility on young people and their families to prudently manage individual ‘re exive biographical projects’ (Giddens, 1991) in increasingly uncertain settings. In this paper I want to argue for a ‘politics of risk’ that would problematise these processes of individualisation and responsibilisation (Burchell, 1996). Such a politics would also problematise the roles played by institutionalised expertise in generating
DOI: 10.4135/9781446280539
发表时间: 1994
期刊: --
影响因子: --
作者:
S. Lash;J. Urry
通讯作者: S. Lash;J. Urry
大鹰泉:“具有高度环境意识的德国学校教育”十。 4. 3 (1999)
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