What Are Data? The Many Kinds of Data and Their Implications for Data Re-Use
What Are Data? The Many Kinds of Data and Their Implications for Data Re-Use
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00342.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Anderson, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlson, Samuelle;Anderson, Ben
电子科学的一个主要特点是鼓励数据的存档和发布，以便几乎从收集之时起就以可数字处理的形式提供数据，供重新使用。这就假定了特定的翻译过程，通过这种过程，数据可以以可传输和可理解的形式可见。它还需要一种机制，使数据质量和来源在与其生产者“断开连接”后能够得到信任。通过分析四个学术项目中数据的“生命阶段”，我们发现，这些要求给那些隐性知识和类似工艺的方法深深嵌入研究人员的学科，以及产生非数字异构数据或来自人而不是物质现象的数据的学科带来了困难。虽然工艺实践和隐性知识是大多数科学工作的一个特征，但一些学科目前似乎更倾向于试图将这些知识形式化或至少记录下来。我们讨论了这对广泛的数据再利用的电子科学目标的影响。
One key feature of e-science is to encourage archiving and release of data so that they are available in digitally-processable forms for re-use almost from the point of collection. This assumes particular processes of translation by which data can be made visible in transportable and intelligible forms. It also requires mechanisms by which data quality and provenance can be trusted once "disconnected'' from their producers. By analyzing the "life stages'' of data in four academic projects, we show that these requirements create difficulties for disciplines where tacit knowledge and craft-like methods are deeply embedded in researchers, as well as for disciplines producing non-digital heterogeneous data or data derived from people rather than from material phenomena. While craft practices and tacit knowledges are a feature of most scientific endeavors, some disciplines currently appear more inclined to attempt to formalize or at least record these knowledges. We discuss the implications this has for the e-science objective of widespread data re-use.