Biomechanics of microscopic appendages: functional shifts caused by changes in speed
Biomechanics of microscopic appendages: functional shifts caused by changes in speed
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.06.001
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Koehl, MAR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koehl, MAR
许多多样化的动物使用阵列的头发式结构来执行重要的工作，例如喂养，气体交换，气味和游泳。由于这些功能涉及与周围水或空气的头发相互作用，因此对多种发胶附件的流体动力学分析揭示了一系列头发的形态如何影响其性能。圆柱体之间流动的数学和物理模型表明，大型，快速移动的圆柱体的阵列是漏水的筛子，而几乎没有流体移动到一排小的慢速杆。本研究的目的是测试对现实的附属形态的预测，并阐明毛茸茸的腿的设计是否会影响该功能中这种过渡发生的速度范围。我们研究了钙粘蛋白pepods的毛状食物捕获附属物（第二上颌），丰富的浮游甲壳类动物的流量，其以单细胞藻类为食，在许多海洋食品网中形成了重要的联系。使用动态缩放的物理模型，我们发现毛茸茸的附属于划线和类似筛子的功能之间的过渡，尺寸和速度的临界范围。第二上颌骨上的头发的粗糙越粗，这种功能转移发生的大小和速度越小。因此，大小的简单增加（个体发育或进化）或速度可以产生新的功能（桨可能会变成过滤器），但是毛茸茸的附属物的形态决定了可能影响流体泄漏的大小和速度范围。通过行为或成长。 （c）2003 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Many diverse animals use arrays of hair-like structures to perform important jobs such as feeding, gas exchange, smelling, and swimming. Since these functions involve hair interactions with the surrounding water or air, analysis of the fluid dynamics of diverse hair-bearing appendages reveals how the morphology of an array of hairs affects it performance. Mathematical and physical models of flow between cylinders have shown that arrays of large, rapidly moving cylinders are leaky sieves, whereas little fluid moves through a row of small, slow rods. The purpose of the present study was to test this prediction for realistic appendage morphologies and to elucidate whether the design of a hairy leg can affect the range of speeds in which this transition in function occurs. We studied flow through hairy food-capturing appendages (second maxillae) of calanoid copepods, abundant planktonic crustaceans whose feeding on unicellular algae forms an important link in many marine food webs. Using dynamically scaled physical models, we found that hairy appendages undergo a transition between paddle- and sieve-like function at a critical range of sizes and speeds. The coarser the mesh of hairs on second maxillae, the smaller the size and speed at which this functional shift occurs. Thus, a simple increase in size (ontogenetic or evolutionary) or speed can generate a novel function (a paddle can become a filter), but the morphology of a hairy appendage determines the size and speed range at which leakiness to fluid flow can be affected by behavior or growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.