Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research.
Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1672
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Longcore JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James TY;Toledo LF;Rödder D;da Silva Leite D;Belasen AM;Betancourt-Román CM;Jenkinson TS;Soto-Azat C;Lambertini C;Longo AV;Ruggeri J;Collins JP;Burrowes PA;Lips KR;Zamudio KR;Longcore JE
影响所有大陆物种的两栖真菌疾病壶菌病最近成为生物多样性的最大威胁之一。然而，许多方面的基本生物学和流行病学的病原体，Batrachochytrium dendrobaestrium（Bd），仍然是未知的，如何时何地Bd出现，它真正的生态位是什么？在这里，我们回顾了Bd在美洲的生态和进化，并强调了使这种疾病如此神秘的争议。我们探讨了与动物流行病严重程度变化相关的因素，重点是宿主易感性、病原体毒力和环境的疾病三角。考虑到宿主和群落中Bd流行率的丰富数据以及最近的发现表明宿主和Bd的共同进化潜力，重新评估泛动物病的原因是及时的。我们根据30，000多条记录为Bd在美洲产生了一个新的物种分布模型，并提出了一个新的未来研究议程。我们需要识别病原体的“冷点”，而不是关注病原体的“热点”，这样我们就可以更好地了解是什么限制了病原体的分布。最后，我们引入了“过去的幽灵”的概念来讨论动物流行病后宿主社区的预期模式。
The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which affects species across all continents, recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Yet, many aspects of the basic biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), are still unknown, such as when and from where did Bd emerge and what is its true ecological niche? Here, we review the ecology and evolution of Bd in the Americas and highlight controversies that make this disease so enigmatic. We explore factors associated with variance in severity of epizootics focusing on the disease triangle of host susceptibility, pathogen virulence, and environment. Reevaluating the causes of the panzootic is timely given the wealth of data on Bd prevalence across hosts and communities and the recent discoveries suggesting co‐evolutionary potential of hosts and Bd. We generate a new species distribution model for Bd in the Americas based on over 30,000 records and suggest a novel future research agenda. Instead of focusing on pathogen “hot spots,” we need to identify pathogen “cold spots” so that we can better understand what limits the pathogen's distribution. Finally, we introduce the concept of “the Ghost of Epizootics Past” to discuss expected patterns in postepizootic host communities.