Collective action by community groups: solutions for climate change or different players in the same game?
Collective action by community groups: solutions for climate change or different players in the same game?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/17565529.2022.2149254
复制
发表时间：
2022-12-29
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kelman, Ilan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthews, Luke J.;Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron;Kelman, Ilan
社区团体正在采取措施适应不断变化的气候。这些组织与企业和政府不同，它们是非营利的，通常是非正式的，资源有限，依赖志愿者劳动。这些组织如何促进集体行动并不为人所知，特别是因为它们不一定解决共同池资源治理问题，而是通过集体行动改善共同池资源。事实上，乍一看，社区团体似乎并不具备解决集体行动问题的常规手段，如为合作者支付报酬或惩罚不合作者。本文通过收集美国阿拉斯加州锡特卡、特立尼达岛托科、美国佛罗里达州基西米和佛罗里达州基西米三个地区25个组织的数据，探讨了社区团体如何解决集体行动问题。以及一个全球性的分布式公民科学组织网站。我们发现，社区团体使用的是行业常见的积极强化方法，很少使用惩罚。群体还参与集体行动机制，例如依靠少数个人的利他主义贡献，这在企业和政府中通常不常见。最后，我们讨论了集体行动理论和决策者如何从社区团体学习，以应对气候变化这项研究的影响。
Community groups are taking initiatives to adapt to a changing climate. These organizations differ from businesses and governments by being non-profit, often informal, resource limited, and reliant on volunteer labor. How these organizations facilitate collective action is not well known, especially since they do not necessarily solve common pool resource governance, but rather improve common pool resources through collective action. In fact, at first glance, community groups seem to not have the means for solving collective action problems used routinely in industry and government, such as paying people for cooperation or punishing them for lack of it.This article investigates how community groups solve collective action problems though data gathered across 25 organizations in three sites - Sitka, Alaska, USA; Toco, Trinidad; and a global site of distributed citizen science organizations. We found that community groups used positive reinforcement methods common to industry and used little punishment. Groups also engaged in mechanisms for collective action, such as relying on altruistic contributions by few individuals, that generally are not considered commonplace in businesses and governments. We conclude by discussing implications from this study for collective action theory and for how policymakers might learn from community groups to address climate change.