Effects of Trauma in Adulthood and Adolescence on Fear Extinction and Extinction Retention: Advancing Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Effects of Trauma in Adulthood and Adolescence on Fear Extinction and Extinction Retention: Advancing Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00247
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发表时间：
2018-10-31
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Liberzon, Israel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Chieh, V;Chaby, Lauren E.;Liberzon, Israel
支持和反对青少年易患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的证据越来越多，但这些证据主要是定性的、回顾性的，或者由于之前的压力暴露和创伤背景的变化而变得复杂。本研究以成年产后（PN） 61天、青春期早期（PN23）和青春期中期（PN34）大鼠和两种创伤类型为研究对象，研究了发育对创伤脆弱性的影响：一种是已建立的创伤后应激障碍动物模型，一种是单一延长应激（SPS）模型，另一种是新的复合模型-SPS捕食（SPSp）模型。我们发现青春期早期和中期的大鼠具有恐惧条件反射、恐惧消退和消退保留的能力。我们的研究结果还表明，这两种类型的创伤在成年期都会导致恐惧消退的保留缺失，这是创伤后应激障碍的一个标志，但在青春期早期或中期创伤后却不会，这表明青春期可能会向SPS和SPSp创伤传递恢复力。在所有三个生命阶段中，SPS暴露和一种新的捕食性创伤模型SPSp对行为的影响相似，这表明创伤类型不影响产生类似创伤后应激障碍症状的可能性，SPSp是一种值得探索的基于捕食的创伤模型。
Evidence for and against adolescent vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is mounting, but this evidence is largely qualitative, retrospective, or complicated by variation in prior stress exposure and trauma context. Here, we examine the effects of development on trauma vulnerability using adult post-natal (PN) day 61, early adolescent (PN23) and mid adolescence (PN34) rats and two types of trauma: an established animal model of PTSD, single prolonged stress (SPS), and a novel composite model-SPS predation (SPSp) version. We demonstrate that early and mid adolescent rats are capable of fear conditioning and fear extinction, as well as extinction retention. Our results also demonstrate that both types of trauma induced a deficit in the retention of fear extinction in adulthood, a hallmark of PTSD, but not after early or mid adolescence trauma, suggesting that adolescence might convey resilience to SPS and SPSp traumas. Across all three life stages, the effects of SPS exposure and a novel predation trauma model, SPSp, had similar effects on behavior suggesting that trauma type did not affect the likelihood of developing PTSD-like symptoms, and that SPSp is a predation-based trauma model worth exploring.