The Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Nature of Additively Manufactured Metals, and the Application of Selective Laser Melting in Dentistry
The Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Nature of Additively Manufactured Metals, and the Application of Selective Laser Melting in Dentistry
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增材制造金属的各向异性和不均匀性，以及选择性激光熔化在牙科中的应用
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
L. Hitzler
中科院分区：
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作者：
L. Hitzler
金属的增材制造代表了一种强大的途径，可以在不需要特殊工具的情况下制造高度复杂的零件，并且最适合只需要少量，或者手头的情况需要快速制造。所有这些情况都是关于牙科治疗的。高度可定制的几何形状是必需的，因为每个修复都是独一无二的。然而，在每种情况下，每次只需要一个相同的部件，治疗的有效性得益于快速制备。该研究项目已经确定了增材制造的重大改进，特别是关于可直接部署组件的制造。虽然仍有许多挑战需要克服，但制造能力正在发生阶段性变化，所开展的工作有助于这一进展。
本论文的研究工作致力于理解和描述选择性激光熔化金属构件中的各向异性和不均匀性。调查范围从表面形态和质量的不均匀性到材料和机械性能（如硬度、拉伸和压缩强度以及断裂韧性）的方向相关各向异性。
结果是材料和工艺传导相关的各向异性的描述，其起源的解释的基础上的整个制造过程中的微观结构的发展。此外，牙科级钴基合金的制备，利用选择性激光熔化，并证明了牙科用途的适用性。此外，基于结果，对后热处理提供了明确的建议，以实现各向同性材料性能，并进一步提高材料性能。
Additive manufacturing of metal represents a powerful pathway to fabricate highly complex parts without the need of special tooling and is best suited if either only low quantities are required, or the case at hand requires a fast fabrication. All of these circumstances are given as far as dental restorations are concerned. Highly customizable geometries are required since every restoration is unique. However, in every instance only one identical piece at a time is needed, and the treatment’s effectiveness benefits from the accelerated preparation of the restorations. This research project has identified significant improvements in additive manufacturing, especially regarding the fabrication of directly deployable components. While there are still numerous challenges to be overcome, the manufacturing capabilities are undergoing a step-change and the undertaken work contributes to this progress.
The research efforts in this dissertation were dedicated to understand and describe the anisotropy and inhomogeneity in selective laser melted metal components. The investigations ranged from the inhomogeneity in the surface morphology and quality to the material and direction dependent anisotropy in mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile and compressive strength, as well as fracture toughness.
The outcome were descriptions of the material and process conduct dependent anisotropy, with explanations of their origin based on the microstructural development throughout the fabrication process. Moreover, dental grade cobalt-based alloys were fabricated, utilizing the selective laser melting, and the suitability for dental purposes was proven. Furthermore, based on the results clear recommendations are provided on post-heat treatments to achieve isotropic material properties and to further enhance the material properties.