Identifying Stable Variants of Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Longitudinal Study of At-Risk Girls
Identifying Stable Variants of Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Longitudinal Study of At-Risk Girls
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000394
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hipwell, Alison E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goulter, Natalie;Kimonis, Eva R.;Hipwell, Alison E.
冷酷无情(CU)特征已被证明对于指定表现出特别严重、稳定和攻击性反社会行为模式的儿童和青少年很重要(Frick，Ray，Thornton，&Kahn，2014)。具有次级CU特征的个体代表的亚群与具有初级CU特征的个体不同，因为他们的高焦虑水平和显著的社会/环境逆境历史；然而，证据主要基于横断面男性样本，这项研究首次在全女孩群体中检验了CU变异的稳定轨迹。使用匹兹堡女孩研究(N=1,829)的纵向数据，我们检查了是否可以使用CU特征和焦虑分数在女孩中识别有效、稳定的CU特征的主要和次要变量，以及它们是否可以预测不良的青少年心理健康结果。从7岁到15岁进行的单独轨迹分析表明，CU特征(高、中高、中等低、低)的最佳解决方案为4级，焦虑(高、中、低)的3级解决方案。兴趣类别被结合在一起；具有高焦虑次级CU特征的女孩(n=139)在7岁时报告的父母严厉惩罚、抑郁和自我控制能力较差，而在16岁时，与具有初级CU特征的女孩(n=59)和低CU特征的女孩(n=326)相比，她们的抑郁症状、边缘人格障碍(BPD)和品行障碍(CD)明显增加。这些发现通过支持多种发育途径的可能性，改善了目前对女性CU特征的理解，并通过确定可能的因素，在这一研究不足的人群中进行有针对性的干预，从而扩大了这一认识。
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven important for designating children and adolescents showing a pattern of particularly severe, stable, and aggressive antisocial behaviors (Frick, Ray, Thornton, & Kahn, 2014). Individuals with secondary CU traits represent a subpopulation that are distinguished from those with primary CU traits by their high anxiety levels and marked histories of social/environmental adversity; however, evidence is largely based on cross-sectional male samples and this study is the first to examine stable trajectories of CU variants among an all-girl population. Using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 1,829), we examined whether valid, stable primary and secondary variants of CU traits can be identified among girls using CU traits and anxiety scores, and whether they predict poor adolescent mental health outcomes. Separate trajectory analyses conducted from ages 7 to 15 years indicated an optimal 4-class solution for CU traits (high, moderately high, moderately low, low) and 3 classes for anxiety (high, moderate, low). Classes of interest were combined; those girls with high-anxious secondary CU traits (n = 139) reported significantly greater harsh parental punishment, depression, and less self-control at age 7, and at age 16 were distinguished by greater symptoms of depression, borderline personality disorder (BPD), and conduct disorder (CD), compared with those with primary CU traits (n = 59) and low CU girls (n = 326). Findings improve current understanding of female CU traits by supporting the possibility of multiple developmental pathways, and extend it by identifying possible factors for targeted intervention among this understudied population.