Theory for Designing Nature Reserves for Single Species
Theory for Designing Nature Reserves for Single Species
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DOI：
10.1086/427297
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发表时间：
2004-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. McCarthy;C. Thompson;H. Possingham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. McCarthy;C. Thompson;H. Possingham
我们研究了应该建立的最佳保护区数量问题，以最大限度地提高物种的持久性。我们假设单个种群的平均灭绝时间随着栖息地面积的增加而增加，并且有一定数量的栖息地需要保留，目的是确定如何最有效地划分该栖息地。最佳配置取决于管理目标是最大化平均灭绝时间还是最小化灭绝风险。当最大化平均灭绝时间时，独立保护区的最佳数量并不取决于保护区系统的可用栖息地数量。相反，当单个保护区等于最佳斑块大小时，灭绝的风险就会最小化，从而使最佳保护区数量与可用栖息地数量成线性比例。包含灭绝发生率的分散性和相关性的模型证明了考虑这两个因素随着保护区之间的距离而减少的相对速率的重要性。当平均灭绝时间随着栖息地面积的增加而迅速增加或当灭绝风险很高时，少量的保护区是最佳的。
We examine the question of the optimal number of reserves that should be established to maximize the persistence of a species. We assume that the mean time to extinction of a single population increases as a power of the habitat area, that there is a certain amount of habitat to be reserved, and that the aim is to determine how this habitat is most efficiently divided. The optimal configuration depends on whether the management objective is to maximize the mean time to extinction or minimize the risk of extinction. When maximizing the mean time to extinction, the optimal number of independent reserves does not depend on the amount of available habitat for the reserve system. In contrast, the risk of extinction is minimized when individual reserves are equal to the optimal patch size, making the optimal number of reserves linearly proportional to the amount of available habitat. A model that includes dispersal and correlation in the incidence of extinction demonstrates the importance of considering the relative rate at which these two factors decrease with distance between reserves. A small number of reserves is optimal when the mean time to extinction increases rapidly with habitat area or when risks of extinction are high.