A Scheduling with DVS Mechanism for Embedded Multi-Core Real-Time Systems
A Scheduling with DVS Mechanism for Embedded Multi-Core Real-Time Systems
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DOI：
10.4156/jdcta.vol5.issue4.7
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Liang-Teh Lee;Shin-Tsung Lee;Chaokai Tsai
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文献类型：
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作者：
Liang-Teh Lee;Shin-Tsung Lee;Chaokai Tsai
摘要随着技术的进步，嵌入式系统在便携设备中得到了广泛的应用。为了满足实时应用的需求，便携式嵌入式系统必须具有较强的计算能力。如何在满足实时应用需求的同时最大限度地降低功耗，对于便携式嵌入式系统的设计具有重要意义。动态电压调节技术通过利用空闲时间来调整处理器的工作电压和频率，从而有效地降低了能耗。多核系统逐渐成为主流产品，在相同的工作时钟频率下，提供比单核系统更好的吞吐能力。然而，在多核环境下，实时调度是一个NP-Hard问题。提出了一种适用于多核系统的实时调度机制，该机制与动态电压调节相结合可以降低能耗。提出的ME-DVS(ModifiedEDF with Dynamic电压Scaling)调度算法能有效降低多核环境下的能耗，保证所有任务都能在最后期限内完成。实验结果表明，在四核环境下，当任务数增加到30个，占处理器总使用率的87%时，能耗可以减少3%；当任务数增加到5个，占处理器总使用率的18%时，能耗可以减少52%。类似的结果可以在8核和16核环境中找到。
Abstract With the advancement of technology, embedded systems have been widely used in portable devices. Portable embedded systems must have rather superior computing capability in order to meet real-time application demands. It is very important for the design of portable embedded system to enable minimum energy consumption while meeting real-time application demands. Dynamic voltage scaling technology enables effective reduction of energy consumption by utilizing slack time to modify operation voltage and frequency of processor in order to reduce energy consumption. Multi-core systems have gradually become mainstream products providing better throughput capacity than single-core systems under the same working clock frequency. However, in multi-core environment the real-time scheduling is an NP-hard issue. A real-time scheduling mechanism proposed for multi-core systems which in conjunction with dynamic voltage scaling can reduce energy consumption. The proposed ME-DVS (Modified EDF with Dynamic Voltage Scaling) scheduling algorithm can effectively reduce energy consumption in multi-core environment and ensure all tasks to meet their deadlines. The experimental results have shown that in 4-core environment, the energy consumption can be reduced by 3% when increasing the number of tasks to 30, 87% of processor total utilization, and by 52% when increasing the number of tasks to 5, 18% of processor total utilization. Similar results can be found in 8-core and 16-core environments.