Word learning in children: an examination of fast mapping.
Word learning in children: an examination of fast mapping.
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DOI：
10.2307/1130543
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发表时间：
1987-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Tracy H. Heibeck;E. Markman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tracy H. Heibeck;E. Markman
孩子们至少可以通过单词在句子中的用法、与什么词的对比以及其他因素来获得关于单词含义的部分信息。这种被称为快速映射的策略可以让孩子快速推测一个单词的意思。目前还不知道这一策略是否适用于除颜色以外的语义域的儿童。在第一项研究中，2岁、3岁和4岁的孩子被介绍给一个新的颜色、形状或质地单词，方法是将这个新单词与该领域中的一个著名单词进行对比。然后测试他们产生和理解这个新术语的能力，以及他们是否知道这个词指的是哪个语义域。结果表明，即使是2岁的儿童也能迅速缩小每个语义域中单词的含义，尽管儿童对形状词的了解比对颜色或质地词的了解更多。第二项研究探讨了几个变量对儿童推断新词含义能力的影响。这项研究的一个发现是，如果语境令人信服，孩子们即使没有听到明确的语言对比，也能弄明白一个新单词的意思。
Children may be able to gain at least partial information about the meaning of a word from how it is used in a sentence, what words it is contrasted with, as well as other factors. This strategy, known as fast mapping, may allow the child to quickly hypothesize about the meaning of a word. It is not yet known whether this strategy is available to children in semantic domains other than color. In the first study, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds were introduced to a novel color, shape, or texture word by contrasting the new term with a well-known word from that domain. They were then tested for their ability to produce and comprehend the new term and for whether they knew what semantic domain the word referred to. The results show that even 2-year-old children can quickly narrow down the meaning of a word in each of the semantic domains examined, although children learned more about shape terms than color or texture words. A second study explored the effects of several variables on children's ability to infer the meaning of a new term. One finding of this study was that if the context is compelling, children can figure out the meaning of a new word even without hearing an explicit linguistic contrast.