The Core of the Fourth Revolutions: Industrial Internet of Things, Digital Twin, and Cyber-Physical Loops
The Core of the Fourth Revolutions: Industrial Internet of Things, Digital Twin, and Cyber-Physical Loops
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DOI：
10.1007/s10921-021-00777-7
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Vrana, Johannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vrana, Johannes
与之前的革命一样，第四次革命的目标是使制造、设计、物流、维护和其他相关领域更快、更高效、更以客户为中心。这适用于经典行业、土木工程和无损检测，并伴随着新的商业机会和模式。实现第四次革命的核心组件是语义互操作性（将数据转换为信息）、工业物联网（IIoT），为每个设备、资产或物体提供使用标准开放接口相互通信的可能性，以及数字孪生将所有可用信息转换为知识并关闭网络物理循环。对于 NDE，这一概念可用于#1 设计、改进和定制检测系统硬件和软件，#2 为客户选择和适应最佳检测解决方案或增强检测性能。同时实现更好的质量、速度和成本。从更广泛的角度来看，NDE与IIoT和数字孪生的集成是NDE行业从成本中心向价值中心转变的机会。在大多数情况下，NDE 收集的数据用于质量保证评估，从而产生二元决策。但 NDE 的信息内容更加深入，并且引起了其他群体的主要兴趣：工程和管理。其中一些群体目前可能还没有意识到 NDE 数据的好处，并且 NDE 行业通过专有接口和数据格式使访问变得不必要的困难。 NDE 行业现在需要应对这两个挑战。大型 IT 厂商不会等待，如果市场上无法提供，他们将开发并提供额外的数据源，包括超声波、X 射线或涡流。
Like with the previous revolutions the goal of the fourth revolution is to make manufacturing, design, logistics, maintenance, and other related fields faster, more efficient, and more customer centric. This holds for classical industries, for civil engineering, and for NDE and goes along with new business opportunities and models. Core components to enable those fourth revolutions are semantic interoperability, converting data into information, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) offering the possibility for every device, asset, or thing to communicate with each other using standard open interfaces, and the digital twin converting all the available information into knowledge and closing the cyber-physical loop. For NDE this concept can be used #1 to design, improve, and tailor the inspection system hard- and software and #2 to choose and adapt to best inspection solution for the customer or to enhance the inspection performance. Enabling better quality, speed, and cost at the same time. On a broader view, the integration of NDE into IIoT and Digital Twin is the chance for the NDE industry for the overdue change from a cost center to a value center. In most cases, data gathered by NDE is used for a quality assurance assessment resulting in a binary decision. But the information content of NDE goes way deeper and is of major interest for additional groups: engineering and management. Some of those groups might currently not be aware of the benefits of NDE data and the NDE industry makes the access unnecessarily difficult by proprietary interfaces and data formats. Both those challenges need to be taken on now by the NDE industry. The big IT players are not waiting and, if not available on the market, they will develop and offer additional data sources including ultrasonics, X-ray or eddy current.