Predicting visual memory across images and within individuals

Predicting visual memory across images and within individuals
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预测跨图像和个体内部的视觉记忆

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105201
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Rosenberg, Monica D.
Rosenberg, Monica D.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wakeland-Hart, Cheyenne D.;Cao, Steven A.;deBettencourt, Megan T.;Bainbridge, Wilma A.;Rosenberg, Monica D.

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我们只记得我们所看到的一小部分--包括那些非常令人难忘的图像,以及那些我们在高度专注的状态下遇到的图像。然而,大多数人类记忆模型都忽略了图像的记忆性和个体波动的注意力状态。在这里,我们建立了第一个记忆模型,综合了这两个不同的因素来预测后续的图像识别。我们结合了1100张图片的记忆分数(实验1,n=10706)和以反应时间为指标的注意状态(实验2和实验3,总共n=1057)。图像记忆和持续注意状态解释了图像记忆的显著差异,包括这两个因素的联合记忆模型比单独包括任何一个因素的模型都要好。此外,包含这两个因素的模型成功地预测了样本组外的记忆。因此,基于个人和形象特定因素建立模型可以直接预测我们的记忆。意义陈述虽然记忆是一个基本的认知过程,但很多时候记忆失败是无法预测的,直到为时已晚。然而,在这项研究中,我们发现,令人惊讶的是,许多记忆是提前确定的,是由整个人群共享的因素决定的,而且高度特定于每个人。具体地说,我们建立了一个新的多维模型,只根据一个人看到的图像和他们看到它们的时间来预测记忆。这项研究综合了从计算机视觉、注意力和记忆等不同领域的研究结果,建立了一个预测模型。这些发现对教育、商业和营销等领域有着深远的影响,在这些领域,预测(甚至操纵)人们将记住什么信息是重中之重。
We only remember a fraction of what we see—including images that are highly memorable and those that we encounter during highly attentive states. However, most models of human memory disregard both an image's memorability and an individual's fluctuating attentional states. Here, we build the first model of memory synthesizing these two disparate factors to predict subsequent image recognition. We combine memorability scores of 1100 images (Experiment 1,n= 706) and attentional state indexed by response time on a continuous performance task (Experiments 2 and 3,n= 57 total). Image memorability and sustained attentional state explained significant variance in image memory, and a joint model of memory including both factors outperformed models including either factor alone. Furthermore, models including both factors successfully predicted memory in an out-of-sample group. Thus, building models based on individual- and image-specific factors allows for directed forecasting of our memories.Significance statementAlthough memory is a fundamental cognitive process, much of the time memory failures cannot be predicted until it is too late. However, in this study, we show that much of memory is surprisinglypre-determinedahead of time, by factors shared across the population and highly specific to each individual. Specifically, we build a new multidimensional model that predicts memory based just on the images a person sees and when they see them. This research synthesizes findings from disparate domains ranging from computer vision, attention, and memory into a predictive model. These findings have resounding implications for domains such as education, business, and marketing, where it is a top priority to predict (and even manipulate) what information people will remember.
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