Coaxing stem cells to repair the spinal cord.
Coaxing stem cells to repair the spinal cord.
复制标题
诱导干细胞修复脊髓。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abe1661
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Becker CG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker CG
脊髓损伤破坏了神经元、轴突突起和少突胶质细胞，这些细胞通过被称为髓鞘的膜包裹来提供轴突的绝缘和保护。这些细胞结构在受伤后都不会被有效替换。这可能导致终身残疾，包括瘫痪。内源性干细胞存在于脊髓中，但损伤后它们主要产生星形胶质细胞瘢痕组织，没有神经元和很少的少突胶质细胞（1）。在本期的第73页，Llorens-Bobadillaet al. (2)显示通过在脊髓干细胞中过表达单一因子，它们可以促进小鼠损伤后少突胶质细胞的产生。这导致失去髓鞘的剩余轴突的更好的髓鞘再生，并改善体内轴突冲动传导。这项研究带来了希望，即损伤脊髓中的内源性干细胞可以在损伤后以更平衡的方式产生神经细胞类型，以促进功能恢复。
Spinal cord injuries destroy neurons, axonal processes, and oligodendrocytes that provide insulation and protection of axons by means of membrane wrappings, called myelin sheaths. None of these cellular structures are efficiently replaced after injury. This can lead to lifelong disabilities, including paralysis. Endogenous stem cells exist in the spinal cord, but after injury they produce mainly astrocytic scar tissue, no neurons, and very few oligodendrocytes (1). On page 73 of this issue, Llorens-Bobadillaet al.(2) show that by overexpressing a single factor in spinal stem cells, they can boost post-injury production of oligodendrocytes in mice. This leads to better remyelination of remaining axons that lost their myelin and to improved axonal impulse conduction in vivo. The study raises hope that endogenous stem cells in the injured spinal cord can be recruited to generate neural cell types in a more balanced way after injury to promote recovery of function.