Beringian paleoecology inferred from permafrost-preserved fungal DNA
Beringian paleoecology inferred from permafrost-preserved fungal DNA
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.71.2.1012-1017.2005
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lange, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lydolph, MC;Jacobsen, J;Lange, L
通过对多种环境 18S rRNA 基因进行不依赖于培养物的 PCR 扩增，研究了西伯利亚东北部永久冻土中真菌的多样性。使用了精心设计的方案以避免钻孔、采样和扩增过程中的污染。可以从长达 300,000 至 400,000 年前的样本中重复获得 510 长的真核生物 DNA 序列，包括各种真菌、植物和无脊椎动物的序列。这些序列显示，古代真菌群落包括多种冷适应酵母、深色真菌、植物寄生真菌和地衣真菌。现代苔原样本中与树木相关的大型真菌的 DNA 痕迹表明，在最后一个冰河时代之后，真菌多样性发生了变化，并支持了最近的结果，表明在此期间西伯利亚东北部的植物组成发生了严重变化。有趣的是，与嗜粪真菌和嗜角质真菌序列具有高度同源性的DNA序列表明，粪便、毛发、皮肤和指甲可能是最近报道的存在于少量西伯利亚永久冻土沉积物中的古代巨型动物DNA的来源。
The diversity of fungi in permanently frozen soil from northeastern Siberia was studied by culture-independent PCR amplification of diverse environmental 18S rRNA genes. Elaborate protocols to avoid contamination during drilling, sampling, and amplification were used. A broad diversity of eukaryotic DNA sequences that were 510 by long, including sequences of various fungi, plants, and invertebrates, could be obtained reproducibly from samples that were up to 300,000 to 400,000 years old. The sequences revealed that ancient fungal communities included a diversity of cold-adapted yeasts, dark-pigmented fungi, plant-parasitic fungi, and lichen mycobionts. DNA traces of tree-associated macrofungi in a modern tundra sample indicated that there was a shift in fungal diversity following the last ice age and supported recent results showing that there was a severe change in the plant composition in northeastern Siberia during this period. Interestingly, DNA sequences with high homology to sequences of coprophilic and keratinophilic fungi indicated that feces, hair, skin, and nails could have been sources of ancient megafauna DNA recently reported to be present in small amounts of Siberian permafrost sediments.