We See More Than We Can Report: "Cost Free" Color Phenomenality Outside Focal Attention
We See More Than We Can Report: "Cost Free" Color Phenomenality Outside Focal Attention
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797614532656
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Usher, Marius
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bronfman, Zohar Z.;Brezis, Noam;Usher, Marius
通路意识和现象意识之间的区别是一个激烈争论的话题。根据一种观点，视觉体验超出了注意力和工作记忆系统的容量：我们看到的比我们能够报告的多。根据反对的观点，这种感知的丰富性是一种幻觉——我们只知道我们随后可以报告的信息。由于不可避免地依赖报告，而报告的能力有限，因此这场辩论仍未得到解决。为了绕过这一限制，本研究利用了颜色多样性（一种独特的汇总统计数据），它对详细的视觉信息敏感。向参与者展示了一系列类似斯珀林的彩色字母，其中有一排是预先准备好的。在报告来自提示行的字母后，参与者估计了非提示行的颜色多样性。结果表明，人们可以估计非提示阵列的颜色多样性，而无需字母报告成本，这表明颜色多样性是在焦点注意力之外自动记录的，并且不消耗额外的工作记忆资源。
The distinction between access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness is a subject of intensive debate. According to one view, visual experience overflows the capacity of the attentional and working memory system: We see more than we can report. According to the opposed view, this perceived richness is an illusion-we are aware only of information that we can subsequently report. This debate remains unresolved because of the inevitable reliance on report, which is limited in capacity. To bypass this limitation, this study utilized color diversity-a unique summary statistic-which is sensitive to detailed visual information. Participants were shown a Sperling-like array of colored letters, one row of which was precued. After reporting a letter from the cued row, participants estimated the color diversity of the noncued rows. Results showed that people could estimate the color diversity of the noncued array without a cost to letter report, which suggests that color diversity is registered automatically, outside focal attention, and without consuming additional working memory resources.