Encapsulation of silver nanowire networks by atomic layer deposition for indium-free transparent electrodes
Encapsulation of silver nanowire networks by atomic layer deposition for indium-free transparent electrodes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.06.027
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.6
通讯作者：
Christiansen, Silke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goebelt, Manuela;Keding, Ralf;Christiansen, Silke
我们报道了一种新型纳米复合透明电极材料的开发，该材料可用于各种能源应用，例如作为太阳能电池的接触，由湿化学合成的银纳米线（AgNW）网络组成，该网络封装在透明导电氧化物（TCO）中，该透明导电氧化物通过原子层沉积（ALD）以纳米级精度沉积。AgNW在滴铸时在选择的衬底上形成随机网络。AgNW的ALD封装保证了导线的保形和厚度受控的涂层，例如通过选择的铝掺杂氧化锌（AZO）。在ALD涂覆之前对AgNW进行退火，在它们的交叉点处产生AgNW的局部烧结，这通过降低它们的薄层电阻来改善复合电极的导电性。为了证明这些AgNW/AZO复合透明电极的性能，将它们用作基于晶片的硅（Si）太阳能电池上的顶部电极。一种新的扫描电子显微镜和图像处理的组合被用来确定的纳米复合AgNW/AZO电极的大面积上的AgNW的渗滤程度。我们的结果表明，与具有热蒸发银栅电极的参考太阳能电池相比，具有蒸发的AgNW/AZO电极的太阳能电池显示出最高的短路电流密度（28 mA/cm（2））和相同数量级的串联电阻。我们选择的电极示例表明，开发的AgNW/AZO电极是传统太阳能电池丝网印刷栅电极的技术相关且廉价的替代品，传统太阳能电池丝网印刷栅电极每器件面积含有类似于95%以上的Ag，具有高潜力，可通过所提出的图像处理方法进一步系统地优化。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
We report on the development of a novel nano-composite transparent electrode material to be used in various energy applications e.g. as contacts for solar cells, composed of a wet-chemically synthesized silver nanowire (AgNW) network encapsulated in a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) which was deposited with nano-scale precision by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The AgNWs form a random network on a substrate of choice when being drop casted. ALD encapsulation of AgNWs guarantees a conformal and thickness controlled coating of the wires e.g. by the selected aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO). Annealing of the AgNWs prior to ALD coating, yield a local sintering of AgNWs at their points of intersection, which improves the conductivity of the composite electrodes by reducing their sheet resistance. To demonstrate the performance of these AgNW/AZO composite transparent electrodes, they were used as a top electrode on wafer-based silicon (Si) - solar cells. A novel combination of scanning electron microscopy and image processing is used to determine the degree of percolation of the AgNWs on large areas of the nano-composite AgNW/AZO electrodes. Our results show that the solar cell with percolated AgNW/AZO electrode show the highest short circuit current density (28 mA/cm(2)) and a series resistance in the same order of magnitude compared to reference solar cells with a thermally evaporated silver grid electrode. The electrode example we chose reveals that the developed AgNW/AZO electrode is a technologically relevant and cheap alternative to conventional solar cell screen printed grid electrodes, which contain similar to 95% more Ag per device area, with a high potential to be further systematically optimized by the presented image processing method. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.