Roles of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in fear and anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex - Possible relevance to PTSD
Roles of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in fear and anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex - Possible relevance to PTSD
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48289.x
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee, YL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, M;Walker, DL;Lee, YL
在过去的几年里，我们的实验室一直在研究一个简单的反射，声音惊吓反射，是如何被先前的情绪学习所改变的。到目前为止，我们的大部分工作都集中在一个叫做恐惧增强惊吓效应的实验范式上，在这个范式中，惊吓反射的幅度可以被恐惧状态所改变。然而，最近，我们正在尝试开发实验方法，利用声音惊吓反射的变化来测量恐惧和焦虑。恐惧是一种自然的、适应性的变化，是由潜在的威胁刺激引起的，它使生物体做好应对挑衅的准备。恐惧通常是由一个明显可识别的刺激引起的，并在其抵消后不久消退。焦虑也是机体状态的一种变化，它具有许多与恐惧相同的体征和症状。然而，它可能与单一的诱发刺激没有明确的联系，一旦激活可能持续很长时间，并且可能缺乏明确的适应意义。本章报告的研究得到了国家精神卫生研究所MH-25642基金的支持。MH-47840，研究科学家发展奖MH-00004，由空军科学研究办公室和康涅狄格州授予。这一章将被命名为“杏仁核和终纹床核：用声惊反射测量恐惧和焦虑的不同作用”。从生物学和心理学的角度看记忆和记忆障碍，L. Squire & D. Schacter主编。美国精神病学协会出版社。华盛顿特区。在出版社。电话：（203）789-7450，传真：（203）562-7079。
Over the last several years, our laboratory has been studying how a simple reflex, the acoustic startle reflex, can be modified by prior emotional learning. Thus far, most of our work has concentrated on an experimental paradigm called the fearpotentiated startle effect, in which the amplitude of the startle reflex can be modified by a state of fear. More recently, however, we are trying to develop experimental methods to measure both fear and anxiety using changes in the acoustic startle reflex. Fear is a natural, adaptive change in an organism elicited by a potentially threatening stimulus which prepares the organism to cope with the provocation. Fear generally is elicited by a clearly identifiable stimulus and subsides shortly after its offset. Anxiety also is a change in the state of an organism which has many of the same signs and symptoms of fear. However, it may not be clearly associated with a single eliciting stimulus, may last a long time once activated, and may lack clear adaptive significance. aResearch reported in hs chapter was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants MH-25642. MH-47840, Research Scientist Development Award MH-00004, a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the State of Connecticut. This same chapter will be published as" Amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: Differential roles in fear and anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex. In Biological and Psychological Perspectives on Memory and Memory Disorders, L. Squire & D. Schacter, Eds. American Psychiatric Association Press. Washington, DC. In press. bTel:(203) 789-7450 fax:(203) 562-7079.