Brain development: anatomy, connectivity, adaptive plasticity, and toxicity
Brain development: anatomy, connectivity, adaptive plasticity, and toxicity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.009
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Kalia, Madhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalia, Madhu
发育中的大脑天生就比成人的大脑更容易受到伤害，因为大脑的发育非常复杂，有独特的易感性时期。当大脑发育过程因任何外部影响而暂停或延迟时，几乎不存在后续再生和修复的潜力。这不可避免地会导致长期或永久的后果。最近的遗传学研究有助于更好地理解由于遗传和环境过程而发生在发育中的大脑中的动态适应性变化。许多工业和环境化学物质，如铅、甲基汞、多氯联苯、砷和甲苯，被认为是导致临床或亚临床脑功能障碍的神经发育障碍的原因。许多这些发育障碍是由环境因素和个体基因易感性之间的相互作用引起的。此外，原因不明的神经发育障碍，如智力迟钝、注意力缺陷障碍、脑瘫和自闭症正变得越来越普遍，给家庭和社会带来了代价高昂的后果。这篇综述的目的是在当前知识和未来趋势的背景下研究大脑发育解剖学，连通性，适应性可塑性和毒性。(C) 2008爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The developing brain is inherently more vulnerable to injury than the adult brain because brain development is extraordinarily complex, with periods of unique susceptibility. When brain developmental processes are suspended or delayed by any external influence, virtually no potential exists for subsequent regeneration and repair. This inevitably leads to long-lasting or permanent consequences. Recent genetic studies have contributed to a better understanding of the dynamic adaptive changes that occur in the developing brain as a consequence of genetic and environmental processes. Many industrial and environmental chemicals such as lead, methyl-mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene are recognized causes of neurodevelopmental disorders that lead to clinical or subclinical brain dysfunction. A number of these developmental disabilities arise from interactions between environmental factors and individual gene susceptibility. In addition, neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown origin, such as mental retardation, attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, and autism are becoming increasingly prevalent, with costly consequences for the family and society. The aim of this review is examine brain developmental anatomy, connectivity, adaptive plasticity, and toxicity in the context of current knowledge and future trends. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.