Geochemistry of ground water and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finland
Geochemistry of ground water and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finland
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.58.2.136
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Karvonen, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kousa, A;Moltchanova, E;Karvonen, M
研究目的：研究急性心肌梗死（AMI）发病率的空间变化与地下水中的环境因素（如水总硬度、钙、镁、氟化物、铁、铜、锌、硝酸盐和铝的浓度）之间的关系。设计：采用贝叶斯模型进行小面积研究，并将地理参考数据汇总为10 km x 10 km单元格。人口数据来自芬兰统计局，AMI病例数据来自国家死亡登记处和医院出院登记处，地球化学数据来自芬兰地质调查局水文地球化学数据库。1983年、1988年和1993年首次发生AMI的18946名35-74岁男性。主要结果：水硬度增加1个单位（德国dH），AMI的危险性降低1%。包括在这项研究中的地下水中的地球化学元素并没有表现出统计学上的显着影响AMI的发病率和空间变异，即使提示性的结果被检测到氟（保护），铁和铜（增加）。结论：这项研究的结果与更具体的贝叶斯统计分析证实了从早期观察水硬度和冠心病之间的反比关系的结果。环境地球化学在AMI发病率的地理变化中的作用应进一步研究，更详细地结合个人摄入的食物和水传播的营养素。地球化学空间分析为选择适合进行这种研究的地区提供了依据。
Study objective: To examine the association of spatial variation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence and its putative environmental determinants in ground water such as total water hardness, the concentration of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, zinc, nitrate, and aluminium.Design: Small area study using Bayesian modelling and the geo-referenced data aggregated into 10 km x 10 km cells.Setting: The population data were obtained from Statistics Finland, AMI case data from the National Death Register and the Hospital Discharge Register, and the geochemical data from hydrogeochemical database of Geological Survey of Finland.Participants: A total of 18 946 men aged 35-74 years with the first AMI attack in the years 1983, 1988, and 1993.Main results: One unit (in German degree degreesdH) increment in water hardness decreased the risk of AMI by 1%. Geochemical elements in ground water included in this study did not show a statistically significant effect on the incidence and spatial variation of AMI, even though suggestive findings were detected for fluoride (protective), iron and copper (increasing).Conclusions: The results of this study with more specific Bayesian statistical analysis confirm findings from earlier observations of the inverse relation between water hardness and coronary heart disease. The role of environmental geochemistry in the geographical variation of the AMI incidence should be studied further in more detail incorporating the individual intake of both food borne and water borne nutrients. Geochemical-spatial analysis provides a basis for the selection of areas suitable for such research.