Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease risk
Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease risk
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DOI：
10.1139/h10-005
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kant, Ashima K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kant, Ashima K.
随着人们越来越认识到自由生活的个人所消费的饮食的复杂性，人们有兴趣评估整体饮食或饮食模式，其中多种相关的饮食特征被视为单一的接触。得出饮食模式的两种最常用的方法使用（i）基于关于饮食因素在疾病预防中的作用的流行假设的分数或指数;和（ii）来自对可用饮食数据的探索的因素和聚类。第三种方法是假设驱动和数据驱动方法的混合，试图预测与营养素或生物标志物相关的食物组合，并假设与特定健康结果相关。从前两种方法中得出的饮食模式已经过检查，与营养和疾病生物标志物以及各种健康结果有关，并且通常显示出理想的饮食模式与关于健康饮食构成的流行信念一致。观察性研究的结果表明，健康的饮食模式与全因死亡率和冠心病的显著但适度的风险降低（15%-30%）相关。对各种癌症的发现并不一致。现有的随机对照干预试验与长期随访，以检查饮食模式与健康结果的关系，通常产生无效的结果。新的发现，有可能改变现有的信念，饮食和健康的关系还没有出现在饮食模式的研究。该领域需要创新的方法来得出饮食模式，验证流行的方法，并评估饮食测量误差对饮食模式的影响。
With increasing appreciation of the complexity of diets consumed by free-living individuals, there is interest in the assessment of the overall diet or dietary patterns in which multiple related dietary characteristics are considered as a single exposure. The 2 most frequently used methods to derive dietary patterns use (i) scores or indexes based on prevailing hypotheses about the role of dietary factors in disease prevention; and (ii) factors and clusters from exploration of available dietary data. A third method, a hybrid of the hypothesis-driven and data-driven methods, attempts to predict food combinations related to nutrients or biomarkers with hypothesized associations with particular health outcomes. Dietary patterns derived from the first 2 approaches have been examined in relation to nutritional and disease biomarkers and various health outcomes, and generally show the desirable dietary pattern to be consistent with prevalent beliefs about what constitutes a healthful diet. Results from observational studies suggest that the healthful dietary patterns were associated with significant but modest risk reduction (15%-30%) for all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. Findings for various cancers have been inconsistent. The available randomized controlled intervention trials with a long-term follow-up to examine dietary patterns in relation to health outcome have generally produced null findings. Novel findings with the potential to change existing beliefs about diet and health relationships are yet to emerge from the dietary patterns research. The field requires innovation in methods to derive dietary patterns, validation of prevalent methods, and assessment of the effect of dietary measurement error on dietary patterns.