Fish and squid in the diet of king penguin chicks, Aptenodytes patagonicus, during winter at sub-antarctic Crozet Islands
Fish and squid in the diet of king penguin chicks, Aptenodytes patagonicus, during winter at sub-antarctic Crozet Islands
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00351323
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Rodhouse, PG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cherel, Y;Ridoux, V;Rodhouse, PG
1990、1991和1992年在克罗泽群岛连续三个冬季对王企鹅Aptenodytespatagonicus的食物进行了研究。47个样品的平均胃内容物质量为503 g。湿的和重组的群众的消化表明，鱼类（66和36%，分别）和鱿鱼（34和64%）是冬季饮食的重要组成部分。幼鱼的底栖onychoteuthid鱿鱼Moroteuthis ingens形成大部分的头足类动物的饮食，这是主要的猎物重组质量（57%）。Myctophid鱼（灯笼鱼）占大部分的鱼的饮食，共占32%的质量。王企鹅在夏天吃的三种主要的真菌要么在冬天非常罕见（Electrona car lshergi），要么占饮食的比例较小（Krefftichthys andersoni =1.5%质量和Protomyctophum tenisoni=4.6%）。另外5种在夏季很少被食用的小蜂，在冬季的食物中占24%，它们分别是：软裸石首鱼（Gymnoscopelus piabilis）18.1%，短尾丽鱼（Lampichthys procerus）2.4%，长尾丽鱼（G. nicholsi= 1.3%，腹甲藻和刺叶Electrona subaspera=1.0%）。在冬季的猎物的更大的多样性表明一个更投机的喂养行为的时间可能标志着猎物的可用性的变化，无论是已知的生态的鱼和鱿鱼的猎物和几乎没有消化状态的一些项目表明，在冬季繁殖的成年人饲料在外大陆架，上斜坡和海洋区域附近的克罗泽群岛喂养他们的小鸡。最后，使用王企鹅作为生物采样器，目前的工作提供了新的数据，以前未研究的中/底栖海洋群落周围克罗泽群岛的沃茨。17条叉尾鱼已被鉴定到物种水平。其中包括南印度洋的几个鲜为人知的物种。在王企鹅的饮食中出现了小的，几乎完整的头足类动物，这表明四种鱿鱼的产卵场可能位于克罗泽群岛附近。
The diet of king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, rearing chicks was studied during three consecutive austral winters (1990, 1991 and 1992) at Crozet Islands. The mean stomach content mass of the 47 samples was 503 g. Percentages of wet and reconstituted masses showed that both fishes (66 and 36%, respectively) and squid (34 and 64%) are important components of the winter diet. Juveniles of the demersal onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens form the bulk of the cephalopod diet, and this was the main prey by reconstituted mass (57%). Myctophid fish (lantern-fishes) accounted for most of the fish diet, constituting together 32% by mass. The three main species of myctophids eaten in summer by king penguins were either very rare in winter (Electrona car lshergi) or accounted for a smaller proportion of the diet (Krefftichthys anderssoni=1.5% by mass and Protomyctophum tenisoni=4.6%). Five other myctophids, which are rarely consumed in summer, contributed 24% of the diet by mass in winter (Gymnoscopelus piabilis=18.1%, Lampichthys procerus=2.4%, G. nicholsi=1.3%, and Metelectrona ventralis and Electrona subaspera=1.0%). The greater diversity of prey in winter suggests a more opportunistic feeding behaviour at a time probably marked by a change in prey availability, Both the known ecology of the fish and squid prey and the barely digested state of some items suggest that in winter breeding adults forage in the outer shelf, upper slope and oceanic areas in the close vicinity of the Crozet Islands to feed their chicks. Finally, using king penguins as biological samplers, the present work provides novel data on the previously unstudied mesopelagic/epibenthic marine community in waters surrounding the Crozet Islands. Seventeen myctophid fish have been identified to species level. These include several poorly known species in the southern Indian Ocean. The occurrence of small, nearly intact, cephalopods in the diet of king penguins suggests that spawning grounds of four squid species may be located near the Crozet Archipelago.