INVESTIGATION AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES OF FISHES OF LHASA RIVER
INVESTIGATION AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES OF FISHES OF LHASA RIVER
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DOI：
10.3724/sp.j.1035.2009.00278
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chen Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen Feng
拉萨河是雅鲁藏布江的最大支流。鱼类区系包括裂腹鱼亚科、线鳅亚科和科的13种鱼类和1种天然杂种。近几十年来，由于人类活动的干扰，拉萨河中出现了大量的外来鱼类。此外，拉萨河鱼类资源处于过度捕捞状态。特有鱼类大多生长缓慢，成熟晚，易受外来鱼类入侵和过度捕捞的影响，种群一旦枯竭，很难得到补充。因此，对拉萨河鱼类资源的调查和保护对策是一项十分重要而紧迫的工作。于2004年4 ~ 6月、2004年9 ~ 2005年1月、2005年3 ~ 4月、2006年5 ~ 9月，采用浮网、刺网、定置网对拉萨河鱼类资源进行了全面调查。本文介绍了我们的调查结果。结果表明，该海域共有8种外来鱼类，分别为鲫鱼（Carassius auratus（Linnaeus））、麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva（Temminck et Schlegel））、泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus（Cantor））、高塘鳢（Hypseleotris swinhonis（Gunther））、鲤（Cyprinus（C.）尾鱼、草鱼、异育银鲫、鲇和2种未定种，以及裂腹鱼（Schizothorax waltoni（Regan））、中华裂腹鱼（S. o'connori（Lloyd），S. macropogon（Regan）、Ptychobarbus dipogon（Regan）、尖裸鲤Oxygymnocypris stewartii（Lloyd）、裂尻鱼Schizopygopsis zighusbandi zighusbandi Regan、高原鳅Triplophysa stewartii（Hora）、尖裸鲤T. stenura（Herzenstein），T. tibetana（Regan）、西藏虎斑叶蝉T. orientalis（Herzenstein）、T. stoliczkae（Steindachner），T. bre-vicauda（Herzenstein）、Glyptosternum maculatum（Regan）和S. waltoni和S.奥康纳里）。这14种鱼类也是以前的研究人员发现的。对于未定种，未定种A看起来像O。stewartii和S. y.未定种B的形态特征与未定种A、O的形态特征相似，但B的形态特征与未定种A、O的形态特征相似。stewartii，所以它可能会被省略的前调查员或一个新的天然私生子。分析了拉萨河经济鱼类的分布。S. y.拉萨河的优势种主要是白刺和裂须白刺，尤其是上游; stewartii主要分布在下游; o 'connori在冬季很少出现; waltoni和S.在拉萨河中，巨须鲶属是罕见的。我们推断S.奥康纳里，S. waltoni和S.雅鲁藏布江是雅鲁藏布江的主要栖息地，在产卵季节洄游到拉萨河产卵。外来鱼类中，C. auratus、P. parva和M. anguillicaudatus为优势种，分布广泛;（Cyp.）caupio和H. swinhonis数量增长迅速; idellus，C. auratus gibelio和S. asotus是罕见的。指出拉萨河鱼类资源面临的两大威胁是过度开发和外来鱼类入侵造成的鱼类数量减少和小型化。本文对这一现象进行了分析和探讨，并就如何保护和合理利用拉萨河鱼类资源提出了一系列对策：合理捕捞、制定禁渔期、控制外来鱼类、保护鱼类栖息地等。
Lhasa River is the biggest tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River. Its fish fauna comprise 13 fish species and a natural bastard, belonging to Schizothoracinae, Nemacheilinae and Sisoridae. Disturbed by human activities, plenty of exotic fishes have been found in Lhasa River in recent decades. Moreover, the fish resources of Lhasa River are under overfishing. Most of the endemic fishes grow slowly and mature late, so they are very vulnerable to invasions of the exotic fishes and overfishing, and the populations can not be replenished easily if depleted. So the investigation and protection strategies of fishes of Lhasa River are very important and urgent works. We roundly investigated the fish resources of Lhasa River with floating net, gill net and set net during Apr. to Jun. in 2004, Sep. in 2004 to Jan. in 2005, Mar to Apr. in 2005, May to Sep. in 2006. This paper introduced the result of our investigation. It was found that there were 8 exotic fish species (Carassius auratus (Linnaeus), Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor), Hypseleotris swinhonis (Gunther), Cyprinus (C.) caupio Linnaeus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuvier et Valenciennes), Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), Silurus asotus Linnaeus, and 2 species indeterminate, and 14 fish species (Schizothorax waltoni (Regan), S. o’connori (Lloyd), S. macropogon (Regan), Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan), Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd), Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi Regan, Triplophysa stewar-tii (Hora), T. stenura (Herzenstein), T. tibetana (Regan), T. orientalis (Herzenstein), T. stoliczkae (Steindachner), T. bre-vicauda (Herzenstein), Glyptosternum maculatum (Regan), and a natural bastard of S. waltoni and S. o’connori). These 14 fish species were also found by previous researchers. As to the species indeterminate, species indeterminate A looked like O. stewartii and also looked like S. y. younghusbandi, so it might be omitted by the former investigator; species indeterminate B was very rare and it had many medial morphological characters of species indeterminate A and O. stewartii, so it might be omitted by the former investigator or a new natural bastard. We analyzed the distribution of economic fishes of Lhasa River. S. y. younghusbandi and P. dipogon were dominant species in Lhasa River, especially in the upstream; O. stewartii mainly distributed in the downstream; S. o’connori was rare in winter; S. waltoni and S. macropogon were rare in Lhasa River. We inferred that S. o’connori, S. waltoni and S. macropogon mainly inhabited in Yarlung Zangpo River and migrated to Lhasa River to spawn during spawning season. As to the exotic fishes, C. auratus, P. parva and M. anguillicaudatus were majority and distributed widely; C. (Cyp.) caupio and H. swinhonis increased quickly in amount; C. idellus, C. auratus gibelio and S. asotus were rare. We also pointed out that the two main threats to the fish resources of Lhasa River were decrease and miniaturization caused by overexploitation and invasion by alien fishes. In this paper, we analyzed and discussed the phenomenon and presented a series of strategies on how to protect and reasonably use of fish resources of Lhasa River: reasonable fishing, constituting fishing ban period, controlling alien fishes, protecting habitant of fishes and so on.