Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Intimate Partner Violence: Ecological Analysis of a California City
Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Intimate Partner Violence: Ecological Analysis of a California City
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-011-9549-6
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Remer, Lillian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cunradi, Carol B.;Mair, Christina;Remer, Lillian
邻里的社会不利指标，如贫困和失业，与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。尽管大量饮酒和IPV之间存在明确的联系，但很少有研究分析酒精出口密度对IPV发生的贡献。在一个社区中，更多的酒类销售点可能是对暴力的规范约束放松的标志，在有风险的夫妇中促进问题饮酒，并提供环境，使有IPV风险的人群可能形成并相互加强与IPV相关的态度，规范和问题行为。这项研究使用生态数据来确定酒精出口密度（每单位面积的酒吧，餐馆和非场所出口数量）是否与加州萨克拉门托的IPV相关报警电话和IPV相关犯罪报告的比率有关。使用贝叶斯时空模型对IPV电话和犯罪报告进行了单独分析，该模型针对地区特征（贫困率、失业率、种族/民族构成）进行了调整。结果显示，每增加一个非营业场所的酒精出口，与IPV相关的报警电话就会增加大约4%，与IPV相关的犯罪报告就会增加大约3%。酒吧和餐馆与这两种结果都无关。研究结果表明，酒精出口密度，特别是场外网点，似乎与IPV事件有关。需要进一步的研究来了解邻里因素，如酒精出口密度，影响IPV行为的机制。了解这些机制对于制定环境IPV预防策略具有重要的公共卫生意义，例如分区，社区行动，教育和执法活动的变化。
Neighborhood indicators of social disadvantage, such as poverty and unemployment, are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the well-established link between heavy drinking and IPV, few studies have analyzed the contribution of alcohol outlet density to the occurrence of IPV. Greater numbers of alcohol outlets in a community may be a sign of loosened normative constraints against violence, promote problem drinking among at-risk couples, and provide environments where groups of persons at risk for IPV may form and mutually reinforce IPV-related attitudes, norms, and problem behaviors. This study used ecological data to determine if alcohol outlet density (number of bars, restaurants serving alcohol, and off-premise outlets per unit area) is related to rates of IPV-related police calls and IPV-related crime reports in Sacramento, California. Separate analyses for IPV calls and crime reports were conducted using Bayesian space-time models adjusted for area characteristics (poverty rate, unemployment rate, racial/ethnic composition). The results showed that each additional off-premise alcohol outlet is associated with an approximate 4% increase in IPV-related police calls and an approximate 3% increase in IPV-related crime reports. Bars and restaurants were not associated with either outcome. The findings suggest that alcohol outlet density, especially off-premise outlets, appear to be related to IPV events. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which neighborhood factors, such as alcohol outlet density, affect IPV behaviors. Understanding these mechanisms is of public health importance for developing environmental IPV prevention strategies, such as changes in zoning, community action, education, and enforcement activities.