Water table fluctuations in the riparian zone: comparative results from a pan-European experiment
Water table fluctuations in the riparian zone: comparative results from a pan-European experiment
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00102-6
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发表时间：
2002-08
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
T. Burt;G. Pinay;F. Matheson;N. Haycock;A. Butturini;J. Clément;S. Danielescu;D. Dowrick;M. Hefting;A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska;V. Maı̂tre
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Burt;G. Pinay;F. Matheson;N. Haycock;A. Butturini;J. Clément;S. Danielescu;D. Dowrick;M. Hefting;A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska;V. Maı̂tre
众所周知，土壤饱和度对于河岸带内的反硝化和其他氮循环过程至关重要。由于反硝化潜力通常向土壤表面增加，因此地下水位升高可以控制硝酸盐还原的优化程度。鉴于其地形位置和沉积结构，大多数洪泛区的特点是高地下水位。然而，普遍缺乏关于河岸区内地下水位、水力梯度和水流模式的详细现场数据。本文介绍了作为泛欧洲硝酸盐缓冲区研究、农业环境景观结构氮控制项目 (NICOLAS) 的一部分收集的数据。每个地点都采用了相同的实验设计，从而可以在各种温带气候条件下探索河岸带水文和氮循环过程；这里仅讨论水文数据。每个地点都安装了间距为 10 米的浸井网格，并且每月至少进行一次手动测量，持续至少一年。此外，使用数据记录仪连续监测每个网格中的至少一个汲取井。尽管其他因素在影响变化范围方面似乎同样重要，但研究的所有河岸带都显示出明显的地下水位升高的年度周期。在河岸带平坦的地方，邻近河流或湖泊的水位对控制河岸带内地下水位的影响比最初预期的更为重要。
Soil saturation is known to be of crucial importance to denitrification and other nitrogen cycling processes within the riparian zone. Since denitrification potential generally increases towards the soil surface, water table elevation can control the degree to which nitrate reduction is optimised. Given their topographic location and sedimentary structure, most floodplains are characterised by high water tables. However, detailed field data on water table levels, hydraulic gradients and flow patterns within the riparian zone are generally lacking. This paper presents data collected as part of a pan-European study of nitrate buffer zones, the Nitrogen Control by Landscape Structures in Agricultural Environments project (NICOLAS). An identical experimental design was employed at each site, allowing riparian zone hydrology and nitrogen cycling processes to be explored across a wide range of temperate climates; only the hydrological data are discussed here. A grid of dipwells at 10-metre spacing was installed at each site and manual measurements made at least once a month for a minimum of one year. In addition, at least one dipwell in each grid was monitored continuously using a data logger. All the riparian zones studied displayed a clear annual cycle of water table elevation, although other factors seemed equally important in influencing the range of variation. Where the riparian zone was flat, the water level in the adjoining river or lake proved more significant in controlling water table levels within the riparian zone than was originally anticipated.