An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions.
An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/2016gl070023
复制
发表时间：
2016-10-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Trainer, Vera L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCabe, Ryan M.;Hickey, Barbara M.;Kudela, Raphael M.;Lefebvre, Kathi A.;Adams, Nicolaus G.;Bill, Brian D.;Gulland, Frances M. D.;Thomson, Richard E.;Cochlan, William P.;Trainer, Vera L.
2015年春天，一种产藻硅藻伪菱形藻在海岸范围内大量繁殖，导致沿着北美西海岸有记录以来最大规模的神经毒素软骨藻酸爆发。在许多搁浅的海洋哺乳动物中测得毒素升高，导致在地理上广泛和长期关闭剃刀蛤、岩蟹和邓杰内斯蟹渔业。我们证明，这次疫情是由异常温暖的海洋条件引发的。2015年初，澳大利亚拟菱形藻在其典型范围以北的温暖、营养贫乏的水域中蓬勃发展，这些水域横跨东北太平洋。上升流的季节性转变为大规模的水华提供了必要的营养物质;一系列春季风暴将水华带到了海岸。实验室和实地实验证实，温度升高会导致最大生长率，营养物富集会导致毒素产生增加，再加上对有毒事件的回顾性分析，表明今后有可能发生类似的破坏性生态和经济破坏。2015年美国西海岸广泛的有毒假菱形藻水华是由异常的海洋条件促成的季节性转变为上升流为水华提供了营养物质，春季风暴将有毒细胞输送到近岸环境西海岸有毒假菱形藻事件是由与厄尔尼诺和太平洋年代际振荡相关的温暖异常引发的
A coastwide bloom of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia in spring 2015 resulted in the largest recorded outbreak of the neurotoxin, domoic acid, along the North American west coast. Elevated toxins were measured in numerous stranded marine mammals and resulted in geographically extensive and prolonged closures of razor clam, rock crab, and Dungeness crab fisheries. We demonstrate that this outbreak was initiated by anomalously warm ocean conditions. Pseudo‐nitzschia australis thrived north of its typical range in the warm, nutrient‐poor water that spanned the northeast Pacific in early 2015. The seasonal transition to upwelling provided the nutrients necessary for a large‐scale bloom; a series of spring storms delivered the bloom to the coast. Laboratory and field experiments confirming maximum growth rates with elevated temperatures and enhanced toxin production with nutrient enrichment, together with a retrospective analysis of toxic events, demonstrate the potential for similarly devastating ecological and economic disruptions in the future. The 2015 U.S. West Coast wide toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia australis bloom was facilitated by anomalous ocean conditions The seasonal transition to upwelling provided nutrients for the bloom, and spring storms delivered toxic cells to the nearshore environment West Coast toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia events are triggered by warm anomalies associated with El Niño and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation