Emerging roles of cathepsin E in host defense mechanisms.
Emerging roles of cathepsin E in host defense mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.022
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kenji Yamamoto;Tomoyo Kawakubo;A. Yasukochi;T. Tsukuba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kenji Yamamoto;Tomoyo Kawakubo;A. Yasukochi;T. Tsukuba
组织蛋白酶 E 是胃蛋白酶超家族的一种细胞内天冬氨酸蛋白酶，主要在某些细胞类型中表达，包括免疫系统细胞以及快速再生的胃粘膜和表皮角质形成细胞。该蛋白质的细胞内定位因不同的细胞类型而异。内体定位主要存在于抗原呈递细胞和胃细胞中。在某些细胞类型如红细胞、破骨细胞、胃壁细胞和肾近端小管细胞中观察到膜关联。这种酶也存在于各种细胞类型的内质网、高尔基复合体和胞质室中。除了细胞内定位外，组织蛋白酶 E 还作为催化活性酶存在于活化的吞噬细胞和癌细胞的培养基中。因此，其策略性表达和定位表明该酶与个体细胞类型的特定生物功能相关。最近的遗传和药理学研究特别表明组织蛋白酶 E 在宿主防御癌细胞和入侵微生物方面发挥着重要作用。本综述重点关注组织蛋白酶 E 在免疫系统细胞和皮肤角质形成细胞以及宿主防御癌细胞中的新作用。本文是题为“溶酶体发现 50 年后的蛋白水解”特刊的一部分。
Cathepsin E is an intracellular aspartic proteinase of the pepsin superfamily, which is predominantly expressed in certain cell types, including the immune system cells and rapidly regenerating gastric mucosal and epidermal keratinocytes. The intracellular localization of this protein varies with different cell types. The endosomal localization is primarily found in antigen-presenting cells and gastric cells. The membrane association is observed with certain cell types such as erythrocytes, osteoclasts, gastric parietal cells and renal proximal tubule cells. This enzyme is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and cytosolic compartments in various cell types. In addition to its intracellular localization, cathepsin E occurs in the culture medium of activated phagocytes and cancer cells as the catalytically active enzyme. Its strategic expression and localization thus suggests the association of this enzyme with specific biological functions of the individual cell types. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have particularly suggested that cathepsin E plays an important role in host defense against cancer cells and invading microorganisms. This review focuses emerging roles of cathepsin E in immune system cells and skin keratinocytes, and in host defense against cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.