Enabling sustainable critical materials for battery storage through efficient recycling and improved design: A perspective
Enabling sustainable critical materials for battery storage through efficient recycling and improved design: A perspective
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DOI：
10.1557/mre.2020.31
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Darren H. S. Tan;Panpan Xu;Zheng Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Darren H. S. Tan;Panpan Xu;Zheng Chen
展望电池回收的现状和未来的改进设计，以促进可持续、安全和经济可行的电池回收战略，以实现可持续的能量储存。近年来，锂离子电池(LIB)产量快速增长，以服务于电动汽车和电网存储的新兴市场。随着大量此类电池的使用寿命即将结束，需要可持续地回收电池和回收关键材料是至关重要的问题。锂、钴和镍等关键锂元素的全球储量将很快被不断增长的累积需求所超过。尽管火法冶金和湿法冶金等传统回收战略取得了进展，但它们仍然面临着高能耗、高温室气体排放以及有限的盈利能力的限制。尽管新的直接回收方法前景看好，但它们也面临着一些障碍，如缺乏适当的电池标签，回收效率低下的废电池的后勤挑战，以及部件分离。在这里，我们讨论回收关键材料的重要性，以及如何从电池到模块级别改进电池设计，以促进可回收利用。分析了各种回收方法的经济和环境影响，并提出了开发专用电池回收基础设施的政策建议。我们还讨论了有前景的电池回收策略，以及如何将这些策略应用于现有和未来的新电池化学。
A perspective on the current state of battery recycling and future improved designs to promote sustainable, safe, and economically viable battery recycling strategies for sustainable energy storage. Recent years have seen the rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production to serve emerging markets in electric vehicles and grid storage. As large volumes of these batteries reach their end of life, the need for sustainable battery recycling and recovery of critical materials is a matter of utmost importance. Global reserves for critical LIB elements such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel will soon be outstripped by growing cumulative demands. Despite advances in conventional recycling strategies such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, they still face limitations in high energy consumption, high greenhouse gas emissions, as well as limited profitability. While new direct recycling methods are promising, they also face obstacles such as the lack of proper battery labeling, logistical challenges of inefficient spent battery collection, and components separation. Here, we discuss the importance of recovering critical materials, and how battery designs can be improved from the cell to module level in order to facilitate recyclability. The economic and environmental implications of various recycling approaches are analyzed, along with policy suggestions to develop a dedicated battery recycling infrastructure. We also discuss promising battery recycling strategies and how these can be applied to existing and future new battery chemistries.