Comparative placentation: Some interesting modifications for histotrophic nutrition - A review
Comparative placentation: Some interesting modifications for histotrophic nutrition - A review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2005.10.013
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Carter, A. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enders, A. C.;Carter, A. M.
在考虑真兽目哺乳动物胎盘结构的多样性时，记住在胚胎发生学和个体发生学上，功能性卵黄囊胎盘先于绒毛尿囊胎盘发育是有帮助的。通常绒毛尿囊胎盘逐渐取代卵黄囊胎盘与子宫内膜的接触区。它也紧密地应用于子宫内膜，增加呼吸效率，但倾向于减少组织营养。卡他鼻灵长类动物有最小的组织营养摄取，在整个妊娠期的大部分时间使用血液营养机制。啮齿动物，通过使用卵黄囊的部分或完全倒置，在怀孕后期有广泛的区域可供组织营养菌使用。然而，大多数哺乳动物的绒毛尿囊胎盘都有专门的区域，用于摄取子宫分泌物、细胞碎片和红细胞。这些区域从简单的囊状乳晕到更复杂的乳晕，如原猴纲灵长类动物的绒毛膜囊泡到专门的嗜血区域。所有这些结构一致内衬柱状细胞滋养层。这些结构的例子，其中许多可以摄取腺体分泌物和红细胞（即它们是异食性的），可以在其最终胎盘是上皮绒毛膜的物种中发现。它们在内绒膜胎座的物种中很常见，但不普遍，甚至在少数不完全性绒膜胎座的物种中也有发现。柱状细胞吞噬区域的限制提供了适当定向的极化细胞，用于摄取、分解和运输，并将有益物质和潜在毒性物质的摄取类型限制在消耗性个体细胞。
In considering the diversity of Eutherian mammalian placental structure, it is helpful to keep in mind that both phylogenctically and ontogenetically a functional yolk sac placenta precedes development of the chorloallantoic placenta. Usually the chorloallantoic placenta progressively displaces the area of contact of the yolk sac placenta with the endometrium. It is also closely applied to the endometrium, increasing respiratory efficiency but tending to decrease histotrophic nutrition. Catarrhine primates have minimal histotrophic uptake, using haemotrophic mechanisms throughout most of gestation. Rodents, by using partial or complete inversion of the yolk sac, have extensive regions available to histotroph in later pregnancy. Most mammals, however, have developed specialized regions of the chorloallantoic placenta for ingestion of uterine secretions, cell debris and erythrocytes. These regions vary from simple saccular areolae to more complex areolae Such as the chorionic vesicles of prosimian primates to specialized haemophagous areas. All such structures are consistently lined by columnar cellular trophoblast. Examples of these structures, many of which can ingest both glandular secretions and erythrocytes (i.e. they are heterophagous), can be found in species whose definitive placenta is epitheliochorial. They arc common but not universal in species whose definitive placenta is endotheliochorial and are even found in a few species with dcfinitivc haernochorial placentas. Restriction of phagoctosis regions of columnar cells provides polarized cells appropriately oriented for ingestion, breakdown and transport, and limits the type of ingestion of both beneficial and potentially toxic materials to expendable individual cells.