Crime and punishment in a roaming cleanerfish
Crime and punishment in a roaming cleanerfish
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.0941
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发表时间：
2010-12-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Cote, Isabelle M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mills, Suzanne C.;Cote, Isabelle M.
作弊在合作互动中很常见，但可以通过多种手段来控制作弊的发生，从奖励合作者到积极惩罚作弊者。惩罚发生在涉及清洁鱼 Labroides dimidiatus 及其珊瑚鱼客户的互利共生中。当L. diffiatus通过获取鳞片和粘液而不是体外寄生虫来作弊时，受冤屈的客户要么追赶要么拒绝进一步拜访不诚实的清洁工，这会导致未来更加合作的互动。对作弊的 L. diffiatus 的惩罚可能会有效，很大程度上是因为这些清洁工严格固定在现场，增加了个人清洁工和客户之间重复互动的可能性。在这里，我们将 L. dimidiatus 的作弊和惩罚模式与它的近亲、地点附着较少的 Labroides bicolor 进行了对比。总体而言，双色 L. bicolor 的活动范围更大，作弊的频率更高，而且与我们的预测相反，它们受到受骗客户惩罚的频率与 L. dimidiatus 一样频繁，而且不少于。然而，拥有最大活动范围的成年双色双色蜥蜴并没有比年轻的同种动物更多地作弊，这表明漫游以及由此产生的重复互动的频率对清洁工与客户关系中的作弊和报复几乎没有影响。我们建议漫游清洁工为许多寻求清洁服务的栖息地礁鱼提供唯一的选择。这种合作伙伴选择范围的不对称鼓励了有更多选择的合作伙伴（即双色）的不诚实行为，但由有时作弊的清洁工清洁可能比根本不清洁更好。
Cheating is common in cooperative interactions, but its occurrence can be controlled by various means ranging from rewarding cooperators to active punishment of cheaters. Punishment occurs in the mutualism involving the cleanerfish Labroides dimidiatus and its reef fish clients. When L. dimidiatus cheats, by taking scales and mucus rather than ectoparasites, wronged clients either chase or withhold further visits to the dishonest cleaner, which leads to more cooperative future interactions. Punishment of cheating L. dimidiatus may be effective largely because these cleaners are strictly site-attached, increasing the potential for repeated interactions between individual cleaners and clients. Here, we contrast the patterns of cheating and punishment in L. dimidiatus with its close relative, the less site-attached Labroides bicolor. Overall, L. bicolor had larger home ranges, cheated more often and, contrary to our prediction, were punished by cheated clients as frequently as, and not less often than, L. dimidiatus. However, adult L. bicolor, which had the largest home ranges, did not cheat more than younger conspecifics, suggesting that roaming, and hence the frequency of repeated interactions, has little influence on cheating and retaliation in cleaner-client relationships. We suggest that roaming cleaners offer the only option available to many site-attached reef fish seeking a cleaning service. This asymmetry in scope for partner choice encourages dishonesty by the partner with more options (i.e. L. bicolor), but to be cleaned by a cleaner that sometimes cheats may be a better option than not to be cleaned at all.