Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths.
Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths.
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DOI：
10.1038/s42003-021-01688-z
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发表时间：
2021-02-09
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kawahara AY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sondhi Y;Ellis EA;Bybee SM;Theobald JC;Kawahara AY
视蛋白与一个发色团结合在一起，是动物体内主要的光感应分子，对色觉至关重要。在整个动物进化过程中，视蛋白的复制和丢失是很常见的，但目前尚不清楚是什么导致了这些获得和丢失。光的可用性与此有关，昏暗的环境通常与低视蛋白多样性和丧失有关。然而，高视蛋白多样性与明亮环境之间的相关性是微弱的。为了测试光可用性的增加是否与视蛋白多样化有关，我们利用175只蝴蝶和飞蛾（鳞翅目）的转录组和基因组研究了生物生态位，并鉴定了视蛋白。我们发现了14个与明亮环境相关的独立视蛋白重复。估计它们的进化速度表明，来自昼夜分类群的视蛋白进化得更快——至少有13个氨基酸被鉴定出具有更高的dN/dS率，其中一个子集足够接近发色团来调节视蛋白。这些结果表明，高光利用率提高了鳞翅目视蛋白的多样性和进化速度。Yash Sondhi等人对175种鳞翅目物种的基因组和转录组进行了注释，并鉴定出14个与明亮环境相关的独立视蛋白复制。通过对其进化速率的估计，作者揭示了昼夜类群的视蛋白进化速度更快，并且高光可用性增加了视蛋白多样性和进化速率。
Opsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster—at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera. Yash Sondhi et al. annotate the genomes and transcriptomes of 175 Lepidoptera species and identify 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. From estimating their rates of evolution, the authors reveal that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster, and that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in this order.
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