On the social nature of eyes: The effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
On the social nature of eyes: The effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.12.001
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
van Dolder, Dennie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baillon, Aurelien;Selim, Asli;van Dolder, Dennie
在实验设置中，我们采用了双重策略，以更好地了解眼睛的图片对人类行为的影响。首先，我们研究了眼睛的影响是否仅限于互动任务中，受试者的决定影响其他受试者的结果。我们扩大了任务的范围，包括个人选择任务，其中受试者的决定只影响他们自己的结果。其次，我们调查了眼睛的图片是否是许多社会线索之一，或者在其效果上是独特的。我们比较了眼睛的图片的效果与不同的条件下，我们提出的主题与其他学生（同龄人）的照片的效果。我们的研究结果表明，眼睛的图片的效果仅限于互动任务，眼睛应该被认为是不同于其他社会线索，如同行的提醒。虽然眼睛的图片一致地增强了互动任务中的亲社会行为，但这并不是提醒同伴的情况。此外，同伴的提醒导致更理性的行为在个人选择任务，而眼睛的图片的效果仅限于涉及互动的情况。结合起来，这些发现符合这样的说法，即眼睛的图片对行为的影响是由一种社会交换启发法引起的，这种启发法有助于增强相互合作的行为。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In an experimental setting, we applied a dual strategy to better understand the effect of pictures of eyes on human behavior. First, we investigated whether the effect of eyes was limited to interaction tasks in which the subjects' decisions influenced the outcomes of other subjects. We expanded the range of tasks to include individual choice tasks in which the subjects' decisions only influenced their own outcomes. Second, we investigated whether pictures of eyes were one of many social cues or were unique in their effect. We compared the effect of pictures of eyes with the effect of a different condition in which we presented the subjects with pictures of other students (peers). Our results suggest that the effect of pictures of eyes is limited to interaction tasks and that eyes should be considered distinct from other social cues, such as reminders of peers. While pictures of eyes uniformly enhanced pro-social behavior in interaction tasks, this was not the case for reminders of peers. Furthermore, the reminders of peers led to more rational behavior in individual choice tasks, whereas the effect of pictures of eyes was limited to situations involving interaction. Combined, these findings are in line with the claim that the effect of pictures of eyes on behavior is caused by a social exchange heuristic that works to enhance mutual cooperative behavior. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.