Freakonomics of Maritime Piracy
Freakonomics of Maritime Piracy
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海上海盗的怪诞经济学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James Kraska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James Kraska
人们会对激励做出反应，这是现代生活的基石。经济学家史蒂文·莱维特在他的畅销书《魔鬼经济学》中提出，如果我们从当代社会中剥离一两层，我们就可以揭露底层正在发生的事情，并检查塑造社会秩序的激励结构。在一系列问题上，从学校教师的行为到相扑选手，再到三K党的消亡，莱维特证明了传统智慧往往是错误的。莱维特称之为“一切事物隐藏的一面”。激励措施往往是解释实际情况的核心。魔鬼经济学只是一种经济学，它鼓励我们思考人们如何对诱惑做出反应。在各种开放和非法市场中，人类行为受到可能货币化的经济激励的影响。在海事领域，我们可以考虑激励措施，以收获一些新鲜且相当有趣的观察结果，这些观察结果阐明了市场——既传统但扭曲（例如索马里海盗进入肯尼亚高端房地产市场），又非传统但高效（例如索马里海盗的工资水平）——如何影响从事海事活动的托运人、承运人和海员。国际航运业务。利用莱维特的非传统经济学方法，引发了海盗行为及其与国际航运的关系的几个未被充分认识的——有时甚至是“怪异的”维度。首先，本文简要介绍了航运业和商船“大衰退”的经济状况。从繁荣到萧条，经济波动对商船业的影响比对其他经济部门的影响更为严重。然后，文章探讨了索马里海盗活动的政治经济学，以及亚丁湾和西印度洋的航运危险如何影响航运业、索马里半自治邦特兰地区和邻国肯尼亚的部落社会。
People respond to incentives, which are the cornerstone of modern life. In his best-selling book Freakonomics, economist Steven Levitt suggests that if we strip away a layer or two from contemporary society, we can expose what is happening underneath and examine the incentive structures that shape the social order. On a host of issues, from the behavior of school teachers to sumo wrestlers, to the demise of the Ku Klux Klan, Levitt demonstrates how the conventional wisdom is often wrong. Levitt calls this the “hidden side of everything.” Incentives are often at the center of explaining what is really going on. Freakonomics is simply economics portrayed in a way that encourages us to think about how people respond to inducements. In a variety of open as well as illicit markets, human conduct is shaped by economic incentives that may be monetized.In the maritime domain, we can think about incentives to harvest some fresh and rather interesting observations that illuminate how markets - both traditional, but distorted (such as Somali pirates entering the high-end real estate market in Kenya), and non-traditional, but efficient (such as the wage rates for those Somali pirates) - affect shippers, carriers, and seafarers engaged in the business of international shipping. Leveraging Levitt’s non-traditional approach to economics gives rise to several underappreciated - sometimes even “freakish” - dimensions of maritime piracy and its relationship with international shipping. First, this article looks briefly at the shipping industry and the economics of the “Great Recession” of merchant carriers. From boom to bust, the effects of economic swings are more acute for the merchant shipping industry than they are for other sectors of the economy. The article then examines the political economy of Somali piracy, and how the danger to shipping in the Gulf of Aden and the western Indian Ocean is affecting the shipping industry, the tribal society of the semi-autonomous Puntland region of Somalia, and neighboring Kenya.