Overview of the HI-SCALE Field Campaign: A New Perspective on Shallow Convective Clouds
Overview of the HI-SCALE Field Campaign: A New Perspective on Shallow Convective Clouds
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HI-SCALE 现场活动概述：浅层对流云的新视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Zelenyuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Fast;L. Berg;L. Alexander;D. Bell;E. D’Ambro;J. Hubbe;C. Kuang;Jiu;C. Long;A. Matthews;F. Mei;R. Newsom;M. Pekour;T. Pinterich;B. Schmid;S. Schobesberger;J. Shilling;J. Smith;S. Springston;K. Suski;J. Thornton;J. Tomlinson;Jian Wang;H. Xiao;A. Zelenyuk
浅层对流云是常见的，发生在世界许多地区，是大气辐射收支的重要组成部分。除了天气和中尺度气象条件外，陆-气相互作用和气溶胶-辐射-云相互作用也会影响浅云的形成及其性质。这些过程表现出很大的空间和时间的变化，并发生在次网格尺度上的所有当前的气候，业务预报和云系统解决模式，因此，它们必须表示的参数化。浅云参数化预测的不确定性来自许多来源，包括不充分的一致数据，需要充分代表云的宏观物理和微物理特性与表面层，边界层和气溶胶特性的不均匀性的耦合。浅对流到深对流的转变和降水的开始的预测也受到模拟的浅云误差的影响。重合数据是更完整地了解浅层对流云生命周期和开发改进的模型参数化所需的关键因素。为了解决这些问题，在2016年春季和夏季，在俄克拉荷马州中北部的大气辐射测量（ARM）南部大平原站点附近进行了浅云、气溶胶和陆地生态系统的整体相互作用（HI-SCALE）活动。我们描述了HI-SCALE的科学目标以及实验方法，活动期间的整体天气条件和测量的初步结果。最后，我们讨论了我们对浅云的理解中的科学差距，这些差距可以通过使用HI-SCALE数据的分析和建模研究来解决。
Shallow convective clouds are common, occurring over many areas of the world, and are an important component in the atmospheric radiation budget. In addition to synoptic and mesoscale meteorological conditions, land–atmosphere interactions and aerosol–radiation–cloud interactions can influence the formation of shallow clouds and their properties. These processes exhibit large spatial and temporal variability and occur at the subgrid scale for all current climate, operational forecast, and cloud-system-resolving models; therefore, they must be represented by parameterizations. Uncertainties in shallow cloud parameterization predictions arise from many sources, including insufficient coincident data needed to adequately represent the coupling of cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties with inhomogeneity in the surface-layer, boundary layer, and aerosol properties. Predictions of the transition of shallow to deep convection and the onset of precipitation are also affected by errors in simulated shallow clouds. Coincident data are a key factor needed to achieve a more complete understanding of the life cycle of shallow convective clouds and to develop improved model parameterizations. To address these issues, the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols and Land Ecosystems (HI-SCALE) campaign was conducted near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site in north-central Oklahoma during the spring and summer of 2016. We describe the scientific objectives of HI-SCALE as well as the experimental approach, overall weather conditions during the campaign, and preliminary findings from the measurements. Finally, we discuss scientific gaps in our understanding of shallow clouds that can be addressed by analysis and modeling studies that use HI-SCALE data.