Characterization of Cobalt‐Hardened Gold Electrodeposits by Mo̸ssbauer Spectroscopy I . State of Cobalt in the As‐Deposited Material
Characterization of Cobalt‐Hardened Gold Electrodeposits by Mo̸ssbauer Spectroscopy I . State of Cobalt in the As‐Deposited Material
复制标题
通过莫斯堡尔光谱表征钴硬化金电沉积物 I. 沉积材料中钴的状态
DOI：
10.1149/1.2129341
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
K. West
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. L. Cohen;F. B. Koch;L. N. Schoenberg;K. West
含有Co 57 的硬金电沉积物已经使用M~ssbauer光谱进行了研究，以确定沉积物中钴的化学状态。这些沉积物是使用掺杂有Co 5+ 离子的标准钴硬化酸性柠檬酸盐浴制备的。 Co 5~ 的放射性衰变产生 14.4 keV 伽马射线，用于 MSssbauer 光谱。该技术提供了一种独特的、无损的方法来原位观察金中的钴。测量表明-----70%的Co替代溶解在金主体中。其余部分似乎以 Co(CN) 6-3 络合物的形式包含在矿床中。在沉积层或低温退火的样品中没有看到金属钴的微沉淀物。讨论了这种微观结构信息和沉积物硬度之间的关系。还对冷冻电镀液以及汞和王水提取物进行了研究，以确定存在的钴种类。钴硬化金电沉积物广泛应用于电子工业中，作为可分离连接器和低能量开关应用中的触点。这种合金在高可靠性接触系统中占主导地位。大多数印刷线路板都使用这种材料作为连接器触点。钴硬化金的商业和经济重要性促使人们对沉积物的性质和微观结构以及热老化后表面的行为进行了广泛的研究。
Hard gold electrodeposits containing Co 57 have been studied using M~ ssbauer spectroscopy to establish the chemical state of the cobalt in the deposit. These deposits were prepared using standard cobalt-hardened acid citrate baths which had been doped with Co 5~ ions. The radioactive decay of Co 5~ results in a 14.4 keV gamma ray which is used for the MSssbauer spectroscopy. This technique provides a unique, nondestructive method of observing the cobalt in situ in the gold. The measurements show that-----70% of the Co is substitutionally dissolved in the gold host. The remainder appears to be in the form of Co (CN) 6-3 complexes included in the deposit. No microprecipitates of metallic cobalt are seen in the as-deposited layer or in samples which have been annealed at low temperatures. The relationship between this mierostructure information and deposit hardness is discussed. Frozen plating solution and mercury and aqua regia extracts have also been studied to establish the identity of the cobalt species present.Cobalt-hardened gold electrodeposits are widely used in the electronics industry as contacts in separable connectors and low energy switching applications. This alloy is dominant in high reliability contact systems. Most printed wiring boards use the material for connector contacts. The commercial and economic importance of cobalt-hardened gold has led to extensive investigations into the properties and microstructure of the deposits and the behavior of the surface after thermal aging.