Multicenter Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals
Multicenter Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.201501-0128oc
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Young, Vincent B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beck, James M.;Schloss, Patrick D.;Young, Vincent B.
理由：提高对hiv感染者肺部微生物组的了解，可以为hiv相关肺炎的诊断、治疗和预防提供更好的策略。hiv感染者和未感染者口腔和肺部微生物组的差异尚未明确。目前尚不清楚高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法是否会影响这些微生物群。目的：我们确定hiv感染和未感染的临床健康组的口腔和肺部微生物组是否存在差异。方法：参与肺部HIV微生物组计划的站点提供了从HIV未感染者（n = 86）、未接受治疗的HIV感染者（n = 18）和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者（n = 38）中获得的口腔洗液和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALs）中获得的细菌16S rRNA测序数据。测量结果和主要结果：口腔洗液中的微生物种群在受试者组（链球菌、放线菌、罗氏菌和异托菌）中存在差异，但在bal之间没有单独的分类群差异。口腔洗液和bal的比较表明，未感染艾滋病毒的个体和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染个体的模式相似，但多个分类群的丰度不同。在未接受治疗的hiv感染者中观察到的模式与其他两组不同，差异仅限于细孔菌、罗氏菌和颗粒菌。CD4细胞计数对这些相对健康的hiv感染者的口腔或BAL微生物组没有影响。结论：感染HIV和未感染HIV的参与者中微生物组的总体相似性是出乎意料的，因为CD4细胞计数相对保存的HIV感染者下呼吸道感染的风险更高，这表明局部免疫功能受损。
Rationale: Improved understanding of the lung microbiome in HIV-infected individuals could lead to better strategies for diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of HIV-associated pneumonias. Differences in the oral and lung microbiomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals are not well defined. Whether highly active antiretroviral therapy influences these microbiomes is unclear.Objectives: We determined whether oral and lung microbiomes differed in clinically healthy groups of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects.Methods: Participating sites in the Lung HIV Microbiome Project contributed bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing data from oral washes and bronchoalveolar lavages(BALs) obtained from HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 86), HIV-infected individuals who were treatment naive (n = 18), and HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (n = 38).Measurements and Main Results: Microbial populations differed in the oral washes among the subject groups (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Rothia, and Atopobium), but there were no individual taxa that differed among the BALs. Comparison of oral washes and BALs demonstrated similar patterns from HIV-uninfected individuals and HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, with multiple taxa differing in abundance. The pattern observed from HIV-infected individuals who were treatment naive differed from the other two groups, with differences limited to Veillonella, Rothia, and Granulicatella. CD4 cell counts did not influence the oral or BAL microbiome in these relatively healthy, HIV-infected subjects.Conclusions: The overall similarity of the microbiomes in participants with and without HIV infection was unexpected, because HIV-infected individuals with relatively preserved CD4 cell counts are at higher risk for lower respiratory tract infections, indicating impaired local immune function.