How the 1906 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine was shared between Golgi and Cajal
How the 1906 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine was shared between Golgi and Cajal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.11.004
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Grant, Gunnar
中科院分区：
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作者：
Grant, Gunnar
1906年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由卡米洛·高尔基和拉蒙·伊·卡哈尔分享，以表彰他们在神经系统结构方面的工作。高尔基最令人印象深刻的贡献是他在1873年描述的方法。这项研究应用于对小脑、嗅球、海马体和脊髓的研究。这些研究和他的早期作品一起被收录在他1903年出版的歌剧《欧姆尼亚》中。他的方法得到了卡哈尔的高度赞扬。然而，他对网状结构理论的坚持遭到了卡哈尔的反对，他早在19世纪末就阐明了神经元理论。卡哈尔对神经系统结构的非凡贡献，主要基于高尔基方法和埃利希的亚甲基蓝染色，发表在他的《纺织》中，从1897年到1904年出版了三卷。来自诺贝尔档案馆的文件显示，科利克、雷祖斯和福斯特是提议高尔基和卡哈尔共享奖项的人。高尔基也是由赫特威格提名的。卡哈尔是由齐恩和霍姆格伦提出的，也是由雷祖斯提出的，作为共享奖项的替代方案。霍姆格伦受命撰写这份提交给诺贝尔委员会的报告，他发现卡哈尔远远优于高尔基。在被要求进行另一次评估时，桑德伯格对高尔基的贡献比霍姆格伦更积极。加德利厄斯支持霍姆格伦的观点。最终的投票结果是以多数票赞成分享奖金。颁奖典礼和讲座在卡哈尔的自传中有详细描述。(C)2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
In 1906 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system. Golgi's most impressive contribution was his method, described in 1873. This was applied in studies of the cerebellum, the olfactory bulb, hippocampus and the spinal cord. These studies together with his earlier work were included in his Opera Omnia, published in 1903. His method was highly praised by Cajal. His adherence to the reticular theory was opposed by Cajal, however, who had spelled out the neuron theory already in the late 1800s. Cajal's extraordinary contributions to the structure of the nervous system, based largely on the Golgi method and Ehrlich's methylene blue stain, were published in his Textura del Sistema Nerviosa de Hombre y de los Vertebrados, three volumes published from 1897 to 1904. Documents from the Nobel Archives reveal that Kolliker, Retzius and Furst were the ones who proposed Golgi and Cajal for a shared prize. Golgi was nominated by Hertwig, as well. Cajal was proposed by Ziehen and Holmgren, and also by Retzius, as an alternative to a shared prize. Holmgren, who was commissioned to write the report to the Nobel Committee, found Cajal far superior to Golgi. Sundberg, asked for another evaluation, was more positive to Golgi's contributions than Holmgren. Gadelius supported Holmgren's views. The final vote gave a majority for a shared prize. The prize ceremony and the lectures were described in detail in Cajal's autobiography. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.