Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature04970
复制
发表时间：
2006-07-13
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Donoghue, John P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochberg, Leigh R.;Serruya, Mijail D.;Donoghue, John P.
神经运动假体（NMPs）旨在通过将来自大脑的运动相关信号围绕神经系统的受损部分传递到外部效应器来替代或恢复瘫痪人类失去的运动功能。为了将来自完整动物的临床前结果转化为临床上有用的NMP，运动信号必须在脊髓损伤后持续存在于皮层中，并且当感觉输入和肢体运动长期缺失时，运动信号必须被运动意图参与。此外，NMPs需要将意图驱动的神经元活动转换为控制信号，以实现有用的任务。在这里，我们显示了使用试点NMP的四肢瘫痪的人（MN）的初步结果。通过植入初级运动皮层的96微电极阵列记录的神经元整体活动表明，脊髓损伤后三年，预期的手部运动调制皮层尖峰模式。解码器被创造出来，提供了一个“神经光标”，MN用它打开模拟的电子邮件，操作电视等设备，甚至在交谈时也是如此。此外，MN使用神经控制来打开和关闭假肢手，并执行基本的行动与多关节的机器人arm.These早期的结果表明，NMPs的基础上皮层内神经元合奏尖峰活动可以提供一个有价值的新的神经技术，以恢复独立的瘫痪的人。
Neuromotor prostheses ( NMPs) aim to replace or restore lost motor functions in paralysed humans by routeing movement-related signals from the brain, around damaged parts of the nervous system, to external effectors. To translate preclinical results from intact animals to a clinically useful NMP, movement signals must persist in cortex after spinal cord injury and be engaged by movement intent when sensory inputs and limb movement are long absent. Furthermore, NMPs would require that intention-driven neuronal activity be converted into a control signal that enables useful tasks. Here we show initial results for a tetraplegic human (MN) using a pilot NMP. Neuronal ensemble activity recorded through a 96-microelectrode array implanted in primary motor cortex demonstrated that intended hand motion modulates cortical spiking patterns three years after spinal cord injury. Decoders were created, providing a 'neural cursor' with which MN opened simulated e-mail and operated devices such as a television, even while conversing. Furthermore, MN used neural control to open and close a prosthetic hand, and perform rudimentary actions with a multi-jointed robotic arm. These early results suggest that NMPs based upon intracortical neuronal ensemble spiking activity could provide a valuable new neurotechnology to restore independence for humans with paralysis.