Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica's only endemic insect
Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica's only endemic insect
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.14089
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发表时间：
2022-06-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Teets, Nicholas M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devlin, Jack J.;Unfried, Laura;Teets, Nicholas M.
南极的冬天对陆生无脊椎动物来说是一个挑战，生活在那里的物种有专门的适应能力来保存能量，防止冬天的寒冷伤害。然而，这些地区迅速发生的气候变化将增加冬季条件的不可预测性，并且目前缺乏关于南极洲高度适应的无脊椎动物将如何应对冬季温度变化的知识。研究了南极蠓（Belgica antarctica）幼虫在三种生态相关的平均温度情景下对模拟冬季的反应：温暖（-1℃）、正常（-3℃）和寒冷（-5℃）。在每个场景中，幼虫被放置在三种不同的栖息地类型中，它们通常被观察到（腐烂的有机物，活苔藓和crispa Prasiola藻类）。在模拟越冬期之后，测量了一系列生理结果，即存活、运动活动、组织损伤、能量储存水平和分子应激反应。在温暖的越冬环境下，存活、能量储存和运动活动显著低于低温环境，但组织损伤和热休克蛋白表达（蛋白质损伤的代表）在三种温度下没有显著差异。在crissiola藻类中越冬的幼虫存活率也显著降低，尽管潜在的机制尚不清楚。热休克蛋白在活苔藓中越冬的幼虫中表达最少，这表明在这种基质中越冬的压力较小，可能是由于其更明确的结构减少了与冰的直接接触。我们的研究结果表明，冬季微栖息地温度实际升高2摄氏度会降低存活率，并导致能量不足，这对随后的发育和繁殖有影响。虽然我们的暖冬情景接近观测到的该物种越冬温度范围，但由于气候变化，预计暖冬将变得更加普遍。相反，如果气候变化减少了冬季的长度，冬季变暖的一些负面后果可能会减弱，因此在未来的研究中考虑这一因素将是很重要的。尽管如此，我们的研究结果表明，冬季变暖可能对适应寒冷的昆虫（如南极蠓）产生负面影响。在《华尔街日报》博客上阅读免费的《简明语言摘要》。
Antarctic winters are challenging for terrestrial invertebrates, and species that live there have specialised adaptations to conserve energy and protect against cold injury in the winter. However, rapidly occurring climate change in these regions will increase the unpredictability of winter conditions, and there is currently a dearth of knowledge on how the highly adapted invertebrates of Antarctica will respond to changes in winter temperatures. We evaluated the response of larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, to simulated winters at three ecologically relevant mean temperature scenarios: warm (-1 degrees C), normal (-3 degrees C) and cold (-5 degrees C). Within each scenario, larvae were placed into three distinct habitat types in which they are commonly observed (decaying organic matter, living moss, and Prasiola crispa algae). Following the simulated overwintering period, a range of physiological outcomes were measured, namely survival, locomotor activity, tissue damage, energy store levels and molecular stress responses. Survival, energy stores and locomotor activity were significantly lower following the Warm overwintering environment than at lower temperatures, but tissue damage and heat shock protein expression (a proxy for protein damage) did not significantly differ between the three temperatures. Survival was also significantly lower in larvae overwintered in Prasiola crispa algae, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Heat shock proteins were expressed least in larvae overwintering in living moss, suggesting it is less stressful to overwinter in this substrate, perhaps due to a more defined structure affording less direct contact with ice. Our results demonstrate that a realistic 2 degrees C increase in winter microhabitat temperature reduces survival and causes energy deficits that have implications for subsequent development and reproduction. While our Warm winter scenario was close to the range of observed overwintering temperatures for this species, warmer winters are expected to become more common in response to climate change. Conversely, if climate change reduces the length of winter, some of the negative consequences of winter warming may be attenuated, so it will be important to consider this factor in future studies. Nonetheless, our results indicate that winter warming could negatively impact cold-adapted insects such as the Antarctic midge. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.