Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Wildfire Smoke Emissions, Their Properties, Transport, and Atmospheric Impacts
Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Wildfire Smoke Emissions, Their Properties, Transport, and Atmospheric Impacts
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DOI：
10.1029/2018jd029878
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Sokolik;A. Soja;P. DeMott;D. Winker
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文献类型：
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作者：
I. Sokolik;A. Soja;P. DeMott;D. Winker
野火是一种自然且不可或缺的生态系统过程，对于维持物种组成、结构和生态系统功能是必要的。在过去几十年里，极端火灾一直在增加，这对空气质量、人类健康、环境和气候系统产生了重大影响。烟雾气溶胶可以远距离传输，作为污染物影响邻近和远处的下风向社区和环境。火灾排放是微量气体和气溶胶的复杂混合物，其中许多是短寿命且具有化学反应性的，这种混合物以复杂的方式影响大气成分，目前尚未完全了解。我们对当前关于野火产生的烟雾气溶胶排放的知识状况进行了综述。来自被动和主动仪器的卫星观测对于提供观察火灾、烟雾及其影响的大规模影响的能力至关重要。区域和全球化学传输模型中火灾排放估算的发展已经取得进展，尽管仍然存在重大挑战，例如将生态系统和燃烧的燃料与相关的大气化学联系起来。关于烟雾对辐射、云层和降水影响的知识已经取得进展，并且是一个重要的专题研究领域。然而，目前的测量和参数化不足以描述在推进科学或建模所需的代表性环境条件范围内，火灾排放的烟雾颗粒（例如，云凝结核、冰核粒子）对云层的影响。最后，我们向相关领域提出建议，我们相信这些建议将促进关于火灾烟雾排放对人类和环境健康影响以及与气候系统反馈的科学研究和理解。
Wildfire is a natural and integral ecosystem process that is necessary to maintain species composition, structure, and ecosystem function. Extreme fires have been increasing over the last decades, which have a substantial impact on air quality, human health, the environment, and climate systems. Smoke aerosols can be transported over large distances, acting as pollutants that affect adjacent and distant downwind communities and environments. Fire emissions are a complicated mixture of trace gases and aerosols, many of which are short‐lived and chemically reactive, and this mixture affects atmospheric composition in complex ways that are not completely understood. We present a review of the current state of knowledge of smoke aerosol emissions originating from wildfires. Satellite observations, from both passive and active instruments, are critical to providing the ability to view the large‐scale influence of fire, smoke, and their impacts. Progress in the development of fire emission estimates to regional and global chemical transport models has advanced, although significant challenges remain, such as connecting ecosystems and fuels burned with dependent atmospheric chemistry. Knowledge of the impact of smoke on radiation, clouds, and precipitation has progressed and is an essential topical research area. However, current measurements and parameterizations are not adequate to describe the impacts on clouds of smoke particles (e.g., CNN, INP) from fire emissions in the range of representative environmental conditions necessary to advance science or modeling. We conclude by providing recommendations to the community that we believe will advance the science and understanding of the impact of fire smoke emissions on human and environmental health, as well as feedback with climate systems.