Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part I. forehead, orbits, eyebrows, eyes, and nose.
Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part I. forehead, orbits, eyebrows, eyes, and nose.
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面部女性化手术的评价和治疗：第一部分。前额眼眶眉毛眼睛和鼻子
DOI：
10.5999/aps.2021.00199
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dang BN;Hu AC;Bertrand AA;Chan CH;Jain NS;Pfaff MJ;Lee JC;Lee JC
面部女性化手术（FFS）结合了美学和颅面外科的原则和技术，以女性化男性面部特征，并促进性别转换。对男性和女性面部特征的详细了解对于成功至关重要。在这两部分系列的第一部分中，我们讨论了在评估前瞻性面部女性化患者时应考虑的一般术前咨询的关键方面。评估前额，眼眶，发际线，眉毛，眼睛，鼻子和相关的程序，包括头皮进步，眶上缘减少，后退的前表额窦，鼻整形术，和软组织修改的上部和中部面进行了讨论。在这一系列的第二部分，骨操作面中部，下颌骨和下巴，以及软组织修改鼻唇复合体和软骨喉成形术进行了讨论。最后，提供了关于FFS后该人群患者报告结局的文献综述。
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) incorporates aesthetic and craniofacial surgical principles and techniques to feminize masculine facial features and facilitate gender transitioning. A detailed understanding of the defining male and female facial characteristics is essential for success. In this first part of a two-part series, we discuss key aspects of the general preoperative consultation that should be considered when evaluating the prospective facial feminization patient. Assessment of the forehead, orbits, hairline, eyebrows, eyes, and nose and the associated procedures, including scalp advancement, supraorbital rim reduction, setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue modifications of the upper and midface are discussed. In the second part of this series, bony manipulation of the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty are discussed. Finally, a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS is provided.
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