Versatile and Targeted Validation of Space-Borne XCO2, XCH4 and XCO Observations by Mobile Ground-Based Direct-Sun Spectrometers
Versatile and Targeted Validation of Space-Borne XCO2, XCH4 and XCO Observations by Mobile Ground-Based Direct-Sun Spectrometers
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DOI：
10.3389/frsen.2021.775805
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发表时间：
2022-01
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通讯作者：
A. Butz;Valentin Hanft;Ralph Kleinschek;Matthias M. Frey;Astrid Müller;Marvin Knapp;I. Morino;A. Agustí-Panareda;F. Hase;J. Landgraf;S. Vardag;H. Tanimoto
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作者：
A. Butz;Valentin Hanft;Ralph Kleinschek;Matthias M. Frey;Astrid Müller;Marvin Knapp;I. Morino;A. Agustí-Panareda;F. Hase;J. Landgraf;S. Vardag;H. Tanimoto
对大气中二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化碳浓度的卫星测量需要认真验证。特别是对于温室气体CO2和CH 4而言，浓度梯度对量化和监测人为排放和自然地表-大气通量的最终目标是微小的挑战。即将进行的欧洲哥白尼碳监测使命（CO2 M）将侧重于人为CO2排放，但它也将能够测量CH 4。还有其他任务，如Sentinel-5 Precursor和Sentinel-5系列，目标是CO，有助于将CO2和CH 4的变化归因于特定的过程。在这里，我们审查的能力和使用情况的移动的地面的太阳观测光谱仪的类型EM 27/SUN。我们展示了移动的系统的性能，用于测量CO2（XCO 2），CH 4（XCH 4）和CO（XCO）的柱平均干空气摩尔分数在最近的部署（2010年2月）。2021年3月）在日本附近的研究船米拉伊上，这增加了我们之前在船舶和公路车辆上的活动。移动的EM 27/SUN有可能有助于验证：1）沿着公海主要航线的大陆尺度背景梯度，2）由于大陆流出穿过海岸线而产生的区域尺度梯度，3）作为区域网络移动的一部分的城市或其他局部排放，以及4）点源排放。因此，将移动的EM 27/SUN沿着这些用例进行操作，对于CO2 M的验证活动以及一般的各种即将到来的卫星任务来说，可能是一种有价值的资产。
Satellite measurements of the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) require careful validation. In particular for the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4, concentration gradients are minute challenging the ultimate goal to quantify and monitor anthropogenic emissions and natural surface-atmosphere fluxes. The upcoming European Copernicus Carbon Monitoring mission (CO2M) will focus on anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but it will also be able to measure CH4. There are other missions such as the Sentinel-5 Precursor and the Sentinel-5 series that target CO which helps attribute the CO2 and CH4 variations to specific processes. Here, we review the capabilities and use cases of a mobile ground-based sun-viewing spectrometer of the type EM27/SUN. We showcase the performance of the mobile system for measuring the column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2), CH4 (XCH4) and CO (XCO) during a recent deployment (Feb./Mar. 2021) in the vicinity of Japan on research vessel Mirai which adds to our previous campaigns on ships and road vehicles. The mobile EM27/SUN has the potential to contribute to the validation of 1) continental-scale background gradients along major ship routes on the open ocean, 2) regional-scale gradients due to continental outflow across the coast line, 3) urban or other localized emissions as mobile part of a regional network and 4) emissions from point sources. Thus, operationalizing the mobile EM27/SUN along these use cases can be a valuable asset to the validation activities for CO2M, in particular, and for various upcoming satellite missions in general.