Rainfall interception by Santa Monica's municipal urban forest
Rainfall interception by Santa Monica's municipal urban forest
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DOI：
10.1023/b:ueco.0000004828.05143.67
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发表时间：
2002-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Q. Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Q. Xiao
城市森林对降雨截留和径流减少的影响已经被概念化，但还没有被很好地量化。在这项研究中，模拟了加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡街道和公园树木对降雨的截留。用质量和能量平衡的降雨截留模型模拟降雨截留过程(如总降雨量、自由穿透降雨量、冠层滴水、树干径流和蒸发)。29,299棵行道树和公园树每年截留的降雨量为193,168立方米(6.6立方米/棵)，占总降雨量的1.6%。与径流减少相关的避免雨水处理和防洪费用的年价值为110,890美元(每棵树3.60美元)。截留率因树种和大小不同而不同。降雨量截留率为15.3%(0.8m~3/株)，小花柏(胸径3.5 cm)至66.5%(20.8m~3/株)，成熟白三叶(38.1 cm)。在一场25年的风暴中，所有街道和公园树木的截留量为12,139.5立方米(0.4%)，每棵树产生0.6美元(0.4立方米/棵)的避免防洪成本。降雨截留率随季节变化，在21.7 mm的冬季风暴期间，平均截留率为14.8%，对于大型落叶悬铃木来说，在20.3 mm的夏季风暴期间，截留率平均为79.5%。描述了在加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡、莫德斯托和萨克拉门托，时间降水模式、树木种群特征和修剪做法的差异对截留的影响。
Effects of urban forests on rainfall interception and runoff reduction have been conceptualized, but not well quantified. In this study rainfall interception by street and park trees in Santa Monica, California is simulated. A mass and energy balance rainfall interception model is used to simulate rainfall interception processes (e.g., gross precipitation, free throughfall, canopy drip, stemflow, and evaporation). Annual rainfall interception by the 29,299 street and park trees was 193,168 m3(6.6 m3/tree), or 1.6% of total precipitation. The annual value of avoided stormwater treatment and flood control costs associated with reduced runoff was $110,890 ($3.60/tree). Interception rate varied with tree species and sizes. Rainfall interception ranged from 15.3% (0.8 m3/tree) for a smallJacaranda mimosifolia(3.5 cm diameter at breast height) to 66.5% (20.8 m3/tree) for a matureTristania conferta(38.1 cm). In a 25-year storm, interception by all street and park trees was 12,139.5 m3(0.4%), each tree yielding $0.60 (0.4 m3/tree) in avoided flood control costs. Rainfall interception varied seasonally, averaging 14.8% during a 21.7 mm winter storm and 79.5% during a 20.3 mm summer storm for a large, deciduousPlatanus acerifoliatree. Effects of differences in temporal precipitation patterns, tree population traits, and pruning practices on interception in Santa Monica, Modesto, and Sacramento, California are described.