Natural diets promote retention of the native gut microbiota in captive rodents
Natural diets promote retention of the native gut microbiota in captive rodents
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41396-019-0497-6
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Dearing, M. Denise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez-Mota, Rodolfo;Kohl, Kevin D.;Dearing, M. Denise
圈养的野生动物经历了彻底的生活方式变化，导致微生物组的改变。然而，人们对圈养环境中驱动微生物群落变化的因素知之甚少，以及采取什么行动可以减轻微生物的变化。使用白喉林鼠（Neotoma albigula），我们测试了在圈养中提供天然饮食是否有助于保留圈养动物的本地微生物群落。野生捕获的林鼠被带到实验室条件下。Woodrats在三周内接受了仙人掌的天然饮食或商业食物的人工饮食。使用Illumina 16S rRNA测序生成捕获时和圈养时来自woodrat粪便的微生物清单。我们发现，为林鼠提供野生天然饮食可以显著减轻其微生物群的变化，在整个实验中促进了90%的原生微生物群落的保留。相比之下，人工饲料对微生物结构的影响很大，导致38%的天然微生物菌群丢失。核心细菌，包括双歧杆菌和Allobaculum丢失，和丰富的草酸盐降解相关的微生物减少，在个人喂人工而不是天然饮食。这些结果强调了用天然食物补充圈养饮食的重要性，以维持出于科学或保护目的而在人工条件下饲养的动物的天然微生物组。
Wild animals entering captivity experience radical lifestyle changes resulting in microbiome alterations. However, little is known about the factors that drive microbial community shifts in captivity, and what actions could mitigate microbial changes. Using white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula), we tested whether offering natural diets in captivity facilitates retention of native microbial communities of captive animals. Wild-caught woodrats were brought to laboratory conditions. Woodrats received either a natural diet of Opuntia cactus or an artificial diet of commercial chow over three weeks. Microbial inventories from woodrat feces at the time of capture and in captivity were generated using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that providing woodrats with wild-natural diets significantly mitigated alterations in their microbiota, promoting a 90% retention of native microbial communities across the experiment. In contrast, the artificial diet significantly impacted microbial structure to the extent that 38% of the natural microflora was lost. Core bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum were lost, and abundances of microbes related to oxalate degradation decreased in individuals fed artificial but not natural diets. These results highlight the importance of supplementing captive diets with natural foods to maintain native microbiomes of animals kept in artificial conditions for scientific or conservation purposes.