THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF WARM AND HOT JUPITERS: EFFECTS OF ORBITAL DISTANCE, ROTATION PERIOD, AND NONSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF WARM AND HOT JUPITERS: EFFECTS OF ORBITAL DISTANCE, ROTATION PERIOD, AND NONSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION
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暖木星和热木星的三维大气环流：轨道距离、自转周期和非同步自转的影响
DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/801/2/95
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Fortney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Showman;N. Lewis;J. Fortney
迄今为止，描述太阳系外巨行星（EGP）大气层特征的努力主要集中在距离恒星 0.05 个天文单位以内的行星。尽管有这样的关注点，已知的 EGP 仍然存在从标准热木星值 (0.03-0.05 AU) 到 1 AU 甚至更高的轨道间隔连续体。与典型的热木星不同，这些距离较远的 EGP 通常不会同步旋转。为了预期对这一群体的观测，我们在这里提出了三维大气环流模型，探索适合暖木星和热木星的广泛旋转速率和入射恒星通量范围内出现的动力学。我们发现流通存在于两种基本状态之一。在典型的热木星上，强烈的昼夜加热对比导致了广泛、快速的超旋转（向东）赤道急流和巨大的昼夜温差。然而，在更快的自转速度和更低的入射通量下，昼夜加热梯度变得不那么重要，斜压不稳定性成为主导因素，导致中纬度地区出现向东急流，经度温度变化最小，并且赤道地区常常出现微弱的风。我们旋转最快、辐射最少的模型与木星和土星表现出相似之处，阐明了热木星和太阳系弱辐射巨行星之间的动态连续体。我们展示了这些模型的红外（IR）光曲线和光谱，它们很大程度上取决于入射通量和旋转速率。这提供了一种在未来观察中识别政权转变的方法。在某些情况下，红外光变曲线可以对非同步旋转行星的旋转速率提供约束。
Efforts to characterize extrasolar giant planet (EGP) atmospheres have so far emphasized planets within 0.05 AU of their stars. Despite this focus, known EGPs populate a continuum of orbital separations from canonical hot Jupiter values (0.03–0.05 AU) out to 1 AU and beyond. Unlike typical hot Jupiters, these more distant EGPs will not generally be synchronously rotating. In anticipation of observations of this population, we here present three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models exploring the dynamics that emerge over a broad range of rotation rates and incident stellar fluxes appropriate for warm and hot Jupiters. We find that the circulation resides in one of two basic regimes. On typical hot Jupiters, the strong day–night heating contrast leads to a broad, fast superrotating (eastward) equatorial jet and large day–night temperature differences. At faster rotation rates and lower incident fluxes, however, the day–night heating gradient becomes less important, and baroclinic instabilities emerge as a dominant player, leading to eastward jets in the midlatitudes, minimal temperature variations in longitude, and, often, weak winds at the equator. Our most rapidly rotating and least irradiated models exhibit similarities to Jupiter and Saturn, illuminating the dynamical continuum between hot Jupiters and the weakly irradiated giant planets of our own solar system. We present infrared (IR) light curves and spectra of these models, which depend significantly on incident flux and rotation rate. This provides a way to identify the regime transition in future observations. In some cases, IR light curves can provide constraints on the rotation rate of nonsynchronously rotating planets.
热木星全球环流模型中使用的辐射方案的精度测试
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Amundsen D
通讯作者：
Amundsen D
初始气流对近地行星大气环流的影响
DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/716/1/144
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Thrastarson H
通讯作者：
Thrastarson H