Culture-dependent and -independent characterization of microbial communities associated with a shallow submarine hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef off Taketomi Island, Japan
Culture-dependent and -independent characterization of microbial communities associated with a shallow submarine hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef off Taketomi Island, Japan
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01258-07
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Horikoshi, Koki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirayama, Hisako;Sunamura, Michinari;Horikoshi, Koki
利用培养技术和分子生物学技术对日本竹富岛附近浅海海底热液系统中的微生物群落进行了研究。主要热液活动发生在珊瑚礁海底的一个火山口状盆地（深度约23米）。排出流体（最高温度，> 52 ℃）含有175 μ M H2S和主要由CH 4（69%）和N-2（29%）组成的气泡。一种针对各种代谢类型的液体连续稀释培养技术定量了喷口流体和位于喷口附近的白色微生物垫中的每种种群。从液体和垫中培养出的最丰富的微生物是自养硫氧化剂，包括嗜中温硫微螺旋菌属。和嗜热的Caldicuralii。甲烷氧化菌是流体中第二丰富的生物体;一种新型I型甲烷氧化菌在37 ℃下表现出最佳生长，另一种新型I型甲烷氧化菌在45 ℃下表现出最佳生长。氢氧化剂的数量仅从垫培养小于硫和甲烷氧化剂的数量，虽然一个新的嗜温氢氧化成员的Epsilonproteobacteria分离。各种嗜中温至超嗜热异养菌，包括硫酸盐还原脱硫弧菌属，还原铁的脱铁杆菌属，和硫还原热球菌属，也被种植。文化独立的16 S rRNA基因克隆分析的喷口流体和垫揭示了高度多样化的古菌群落。在细菌群落中，S. caldicuralii被鉴定为流体中的主要真菌类型（克隆频率，25%）。这两个细菌克隆库表明，有参与硫，氢，甲烷氧化和硫酸盐还原的细菌群落。我们的研究结果表明，有独特的微生物群落，持续活跃的化学合成初级生产，而不是光合生产在一个浅的热液系统，阳光充足。
Microbial communities in a shallow submarine hydrothermal system near Taketomi Island, Japan, were investigated using cultivation-based and molecular techniques. The main hydrothermal activity occurred in a craterlike basin (depth, similar to 23 m) on the coral reef seafloor. The vent fluid (maximum temperature, > 52 degrees C) contained 175 mu M H2S and gas bubbles mainly composed of CH4, (69%) and N-2 (29%). A liquid serial dilution cultivation technique targeting a variety of metabolism types quantified each population in the vent fluid and in a white microbial mat located near the vent. The most abundant microorganisms cultivated from both the fluid and the mat were autotrophic sulfur oxidizers, including mesophilic Thiomicrospira spp. and thermophilic Sulfurivirga caldicuralii. Methane oxidizers were the second most abundant organisms in the fluid; one novel type I methanotroph exhibited optimum growth at 37 degrees C, and another novel type I methanotroph exhibited optimum growth at 45 degrees C. The number of hydrogen oxidizers cultivated only from the mat was less than the number of sulfur and methane oxidizers, although a novel mesophilic hydrogen-oxidizing member of the Epsilonproteobacteria was isolated. Various mesophilic to hyperthermophilic heterotrophs, including sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio spp., iron-reducing Deferribacter sp., and sulfur-reducing Thermococcus spp., were also cultivated. Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clone analysis of the vent fluid and mat revealed highly diverse archaeal communities. In the bacterial community, S. caldicuralii was identified as the predominant phylotype in the fluid (clonal frequency, 25%). Both bacterial clone libraries indicated that there were bacterial communities involved in sulfur, hydrogen, and methane oxidation and sulfate reduction. Our results indicate that there are unique microbial communities that are sustained by active chemosynthetic primary production rather than by photosynthetic production in a shallow hydrothermal system where sunlight is abundant.